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Show T ZEE 33 o members ami even organizations of tho National Guard bo given in the enlistment. Technically speaking, tho term "militia" comprises tho uholo population capable of bearing arms or subject to a conscript; there are 12,00o,0uj men in the militia of this country, and tho President may call them out to repel foreign invasion, to enforce Federal laws or suppress rebellion. Jiut this must be done by direction of Congress and according to tho provisions of the National Constitution. The National Guard of each State is a portion of the militia who have enlisted to servo the State for a term of years. Members of tho Guard owe allegiance to the National Government only as a part of tho great body of tho militia liable to do military duty; but as guardsmen simply, they owe allegiance to the rtate they serve, and are bound to obey the orders of tho Governor within tho State. Tho Governor has a right to call upon them for any of the purposes mentioned in tho statute; but he has no legal power over them outside of the State, or to compel them to leave the State, or even within the State, except for State purposes only. When members of the Guard enlist in the volunteer army, they cease to act as guardsmen; they are Government soldiers, under orders from the President and all other superior officers of the United States army. That companies enlist intact, armed, equipped and uniformed, makes no difference; they take the oath and cease to be local organizations. These opinions are given to readers of THE BEE on account of discussion on the points involved ever since the President issued his call for volunteers. pref-t-renc- BEE 3 KEEPING THE PEACE IN EUROPE. Tho cost of keeping tho peace in Europe is enormous-mo- re than a billion of dollars per annum. Great Britains outlay is greatest, for while her army is not the most expensive, her navy is the lion of the seas. The amount expended by each of the powers for army and navy purposes, year by year, is as follows: Great Iiritain, $218,575,180; Russia, $189,355,100; France, $185,916,-11Germany, $128,209,512; Italy, $72,112,897; Austria, $01,701,383; Spain, $20,185,191; Holland, $15,721,779; Pelgium, $10,017,595; Sweden, $8,919,239; Itoumania, $8,020,713; Portugal, $8,001,078; Denmark, $1,532,-11Greece, $1,319,777; Switzerland, $1,037,301; Norway, $3,131,181. Some of these amounts are expended altogether upon the army, as in tho case of Switzerland, while in the case of England tho larger part is laid out on the navy. 0; 3; Great Iiritain has a regular army of 127,903 men, divided as follows: Cavalry, 11,390; artillery, 20,457; infantry, 79,587; colonial and department corps being the balance. Tho British navy is composed s 9 third-clas23 of 92,750 men, 33 battleships, 5 second-clasport defense ships, 283 cruisers and 191 torpedo boats. first-clas- s, s, Russia has a peace army of 730,000, divided as follows: Cavalry, 72,000; artillery, 100, OoO, with 1800 guns and 23G mortars; balance inbattleships, 1 fantry. Tho navy consists of 43,100 men, 18 first-clathird-clas72 cruisers, 10 port defenders and 97 torpedo boats. ss s, COMPARING NAVAL STRENTH. There has been a great deal said concerning Spains naval superiority over the United States. For more than a hundred years Uncle Sam has been putting to sea in leaky tubs and vanquishing fleets with which the Spanish navy is not to be classed. This is not a boast. It is a matter of history. And there is nothing in the famous "Armada of Spain today to cause a true American to doubt the result of an encounter. Let us compare the fighting strength of the two navies. Spain has one first-clas- s battleship. The United States has nine. Each has two second-clas- s battleships. Spain has no seaworthy coast defender, while this country has six. The port defense vessels are not and the United States has fourteen, while Spain defends her cities with two. Spain has eight armored cruisers, and the United States has two. Of other cruisers for coast defense, scouting and prize-takinSpain has sixteen, and this country twenty-onBut our tugs and lighthouse tenders are doing duty as prize-takerit would seem. The United States has eighteen effective gunboats, and Spain has eleven, besides a dozen others of little or no use. Spains strong suit is her torpedo flotilla, sixty-fiv- e of this kind vessels, all told. The United States has only twenty-fou- r of craft, but a submarine torpedo boat and a score of other instruments of death to which Spain is now a stranger, but likely to be introduced at an early date. This was the relative condition of the navies on the first of the year, since which time this republic has astonished the world by the improvement made in her navy, in the number of vessels, the strength and the equipment added by means of purchase, hard work and Yankee ingenuity. The Spanish marines outnumber our own almost two to one, but four to one was the odds it took in Mexico to make it half way interesting for Scott or Taylor. sea-goin- g, France maintains an army of 493,555 effective men; it is divided as follows: Infantry, 217,000; cavalry, 96 regiments; artillery, 40 regiments, including 500 mounted batteries and 16 battalions of foot artillery. The navy ranks next to the British. It consists of 77,033 men, 8 second-clas- s 21 and 6 third-clas- s battleships, 158 cruisers, 14 port defense vessels and 220 torpedo boats. first-clas- s, Germany has a peace army of 562,207 men, divided this way: Infantry, 396,262; cavalry, 67,727; field artillery, 43 regiments, consisting of 58,321 men and officers; foot artillery, 22,824, besides special service corps completing the number. The navy contains 18,154 men, 15 battleships of all classes, 24 port defenders, 41 cruisers and 114 torpedo boats. e. g, s, first-clas- s, There really isnt anything so terribly dangerous in this notorious Spanish armada we hear so much about. Spain has but one first-clas- s modern battleship the Pelayo. The "Carlos V., said to be crossing ocean is the the only armored cruiser in the with the torpedo fleet, Spanish navy protected with Harveyized steel. The "Cristobal Colon, purchased from Italy some time ago, is an armored cruiser, but its mechanism is a puzzle to the Spanish engineers, who think it haunted because they are unable to control it at times. The "Alphonso XIII. has no armor and no heavy guns. It is classed by the Spaniards as an armored ship because the deck is protected. Loth the Numancia vessels equipped with muzzleand the "Vitoria are loading guns. The Infanta Maria Teresa is the only effective armored cruiser in the Spanish fleet besides the "Carlos, and may be able to do service for its country. Their treachery and torpedo boats are the only things for the American navy to fear, and every indication confirms the belief that our marines have been wide awake since Spain struck the first cowardly blow and destroyed the Maine. old-fashion- the same being 141,000 infantry, 23,2S9 cavalry and 30,016 artillery. The navy consists of 7 5 second-clas- s and 1 third-clas- s battleships, 56 cruisers, two port defense vessels and 147 torpedo boats. Italy maintains an army of 235,091 men, first-clas- s, Turkey ranks next with a peace army of 180,000 men, divided about equally between infantry, cavalry and artillery. The navy battleships, 30 cruisers and 37 torcomprises 25,000 men, 2 first-clahowever. pedo boats. Few of these vessels are ss sea-goin- g, Switzerland has an army of 125,000 men, divided thus: 102,507 infantry, 3758 cavalry and 21,632 artillery and various special branches. It has no navy. Spain has about 80,000 regular troops. But an army of 121,236 was sent to Cuba during the past few years to suppress the rebellion there. Death and the rebels have subtracted from that number a very considerable sum. There are 14,000 Spanish soldiers in the Philippine Islands, and about 3000 in Porto Rico. The Spanish navy consists of 24,000 men, 1 first-claand 2 second-clas- s battleships, 2 8 armored cruisers, 16 other cruisers, coast defenders, not 24 gunboats, 48 torpedo boats and 17 torpedo-bodestroy ..rs, 59 obsolete and almost worthless warships, and 25 transports and other small craft. Spain has a total of 53 serviceable war vessels, and the United States has 72. Spain has a torpedo fleet of 65, and this country has but 24 vessels of the kind. ss sea-goin- g, at ed keeps up an army of 360,000 men, and a very common kind of a navy. There are 8 inferior battleships, 31 cruisers, 8 port defenders and 67 torpedo boats. not The other countries are not naval powers to any appreciable extent, being mainly for coast defense. Portugal has 34 cruisers of all classes and 18 torpedo boats. Austria-Hungar- y sea-wmrth- y, |