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Show THE BEE. 10 SOCIAL NOTES. (CONTI.NTED FROM I'AOK Thu Kuterpo club meet 8.) with Miss Sharp on Tuesday evening. ... Mrs. Samuel Kenyon entertained the Charity card club on Friday afternoon. Mr. and Mrs. DeWitt B. Lowe have returned to the city after a visi of several weeks in New York Citv. Mrs. V. I. Lynn entertained the East End dancing club on Friday evening. Mrs. Kenneth Kerr gave an informal tea in honor of Mr. Wra. Jennings. Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Leiter gave one of the most delightful card parties of the week, on m 0 i Thursday evening. Mr. and Mrs. Spencer entertained the 63 club this week. Miss Afton Young will entertain the Monday evening club. Chaiades are to be given, and a very jolly time is anticipated. THE CIRCULATION OF SAP IN A TREE. It is very commonly believed that the circu- lation of sap in a tree is closely analogous to the circulation of blood in an animal. This belief, however, appears to be erroneous as the most important conditions governing the circulation of blood in animals are totally absent in trees. Briefly told the circulation of sap in a tree is as follows : Two or three weeks bofore the leaves appear in the spring, minute hairs are developed on the roots of the trees. These hairs greedily absorb water .from the soil and by means of some force, which I think is not yet clearly recognized, transmit it through the deeper tissues of the tree to the upper trunk and branches, As there are no leaves on the tree and the evaporating surface is consequently very small, the tree soon becomes engorged with water. Many trees, while in this condition, will yield large quantities of sap which contains more or lss sugar. The source of this sugar is to be sought in the growth of the previous ytar. It is stored in the new wood of the trunk and branches and it is the material used by the tree in the development of the root hairs already mentioned and the material out of which the first leaves are formed. As soon as the leaves appear on the tree, the sap pressure is relieved, for it is now readily evaporated through the stomata which abound on the under surfaces of the leaves. The water absorbed bj the roots is by no means pure. In falling either as snow or rain water dissolves large quantities of carbon dioxide and ammonia from the air and in the ground many mineral salts are dissolved, so that when the water enters the tree it holds several gasses and some mineral matter in solution. In the leaves of the tree this solution which is commonly called crude sap, comes in contact with the chlorophyll or leaf green, and under the influence of sunlight undergoes digestion. As a result of this digestion, the carbon dioxide, the ammonia and some of the water is decomposed, and out of their elements, starch, sugar, cellulose and other vegetable compounds are formed. The water holding these digested products in solution or suspension is known as elaborated sap. The elaborated sap gradually diffuses itself over the tree and as it is formed only in the leaves its course is mostly toward the trunk and roots, or downward. This condition (the crude sap passing upward tothe leaves and the general diffusion of the tdaborated sap) continue until the leaves fall in autumn. As the root hairs do not die as soon as the leaves fall, the tr is soon again eugorged with crude sap. The root hairs die about two weeks after the leave fall, aud from the time they die until they are formed In the spring the tree slowly loses water by evaporation through the bark of its trunk and branches. It is probable that the tree contains less water just before the root hairs are formed in the spring than at any other time during the year. In this brief sketch 1 have purposely avoided any discussion of the force which enables the foot hairs to transmit the water from the ground to the tops of lofty trees, as it seems to me that this part, of the subject needs more extended and careful study before it will be understood. C. A, Whiting. Biological Laboratory, University of Utah. ! j j The IS THE BEST jttlising Jlteim. Subscribe For It THE QUEEN OF SONG, AND HER GRAND ITALIAN OPERA COMPANY. At TABERNACLE Friday April DIRECTION WALTER DAMROSCH AND C. A. ELLIS. Sopranos and Contraltos: . Dan Cauteren, Toronto anb flDattfelb. Saltgnac anb Baritone: Bassos: IRatns, Carbone anb IDtvtant. Campanart. And IDan 1f)oose. a Selected Humber of Au?iiAns from the GreAt pAmroscb OrcestrA. SIG. BIMBONI, conductor. LEE WILSONt GeoerAl Admission C.W.STRINE, business LOCAL MANAGER. J .00. - Reserved SeAty $1.50, $2, 1 Sale of seats begin Monday, April Manager. 11, at Ilaynes & Coalters Music Store, |