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Show AMERICAN FORK CITIZEN A Centum i . reaera ion Pens O" I frit - -. . i it if I ) v. h .7 ' "j iff m w 11 ' IVankT.Hines The Pension Building ELMO SCOTT WATf fN I l Y IIAT 18 the most exlBlve tbing 111 ,n the worldt i 1 11 No- 11 18 not 8 rar nietal, nor 11 All a P1"01''0118 stone, nor any of the I nthpr tlllnira u-hleh vea itnmmnn. ly think of when the adjectives "expensive" or "costly" are applied ap-plied to them. The most expensive thing In the world Is war I For war, while It Is In progress, prog-ress, not only exacts a fearful toll of lives, careers and money, hut Ion after the last gun has been fired and the hnttle flags have been furled, a nation en gaged In It continues to pay and pay and pay! The occasion for these reflections upon the costs of war Is the fnct that March 12 of this year marks the one hundredth anniversary of the establishment of the United States pension bureau and during that Institution's career of nearly a century. It was the medium through which there were paid out staggering sums of money In pensions to veterans, their widows and their dependents. And these staggering sums were only a small part of the actual expense of the wars In which Uncle Sam has been engaged. Here are the latest available figures on the amounts of pensions paid out from 1700 to 1932, but as will be seen later In this article even thoRe figures do not tell all the story: n ,i WH S!yr 'rb ?ti 1 - u ttkjyrs0t Iri I VV. '6t VV V V' 5 i I J yv ( f J James Monroe War of revolution ... War of lilt Indian wan War with Mexico .... Civil war War with 8paln Regular establishment World war Unclaaalfled , Totat I 70.000,000.00 46.203,720.40 63. 5(17. 996 8S 60.139.128.2 7. 600,121.525.54 686.513.689.71 102.912,871.61 295.265 4J 16,513,425 54 . .18.636,487, 623.lt It will be noticed that unbelievably small figures fig-ures are cited for the World war pensioners. Obviously this does not Include the vast sums that have been paid out In one form or another to those veterans and the explanation Is that there was a different set-up for compensating those who served In this conflict Since the close of the World war the government gov-ernment has paid out approximately $fl,31S,-108,733 $fl,31S,-108,733 on account of relief of World war veterans vet-erans and their dependents an average of about ? Ill .300,(100 annually. Some of this money was paid In Insurance premiums by the Veterans themselves, but the greater portion came from the trensury. Appropriations made by congress for the financing of veterans' relief In the fiscal year 1033 total $027,840,000. Seven forms of relief have been provided and all are In operation. They are: Adjusted service compensation, medical, care aad treatment, disability dis-ability compensation, United States Insurance, term Insurance paid for permanent and total disability, disability allowances, and emergency officers' retirement pay. On June 30, 1031, the veterans administration was set up, the old pension bureau was absorbed In It and all veterans' activities and operation of homes for veterans are now concentrated in this federal organisation which Is headed by Brig. Gen. Frank T. Hlnes as administrator. The adjusted compensation law, changed by the act of 1931, made It possible that compensation compensa-tion certificates, maturing In 20 years, should be available to all below the rank of captain who had served In the military service more than 00 days. At maturity these certificates will vary In value from $150 to 1 1,399, depending on the length of the veterans' service, and meantime money may be borrowed on them. Certificates Issued up to March 1, 1931, totaled 3.49S.370, and bad a total maturity value of $3,.r28,022.777. Loans made upon them approximated about $243,000,000 during the same period. under the hospitalization plan all veterans are entitled to free treatment of hospital nature either In or out of government hospitals, 51 hospitals being operated In 1981, five more be ing built and ten more authorized bj concre -rne cost or operating inese institutions and caring car-ing for the patients Is In excess of $450,000,000 to January 1, 1931. The government relief program Includes death and disability compensation, disabled emergency officers' retirement pay and disability allowance which have cost $2,205,21 CT9 up to July 1, 1932. Another relief activity is the grant of low cost Insurance against death or permanent disutility In any multiple of $500 from $1,000 to $10,(XX) to any healthy veteran who has previously applied for or has been eligible to apply fur annually, renewable wartime Insurance or United States! G rover Cleveland government life (converted) Insurance. The total amount paid on these Items Is $1,(570,157,-400. Many thousands of claims have been filed under un-der the law providing monthly payment of term Insurance and government life Insurance for total and permanent disability, and relief was being given In 20,195 cases on June 30, 1932. The disability allowance plan, which went Into effect July 1, 1030, provides monthly payments to veterans permanently disabled to the extent of 25 per cent or more, even though their disability dis-ability was not Incurred In or as a result of their terms of service. Another new relief law provides for the pensioning of emergency officers offi-cers who are 30 per cent or more disabled or Incapacitated In-capacitated as a result of their World war service serv-ice on the same basis as retired officers of the regular army. The history of pensions for veterans of American Amer-ican wars goes back to the earliest days of the republic. On June 20, 1776, even before the Declaration of Independence had been adopted, the Continental congress appointed a committee to "Consider what provision ought to be made for such as are wounded or disabled In the land or sea service." This committee made a prompt report, and on August 28, 1770, the first national pension act In America was passed by the Continental congress. con-gress. That part of the law fixing the amount was as follows: 'That every commissioned ofll cer, non-commissioned officer, and private soldier who shall lose a limb In any engagement, or be so disabled In the service of the United States of America as to render him Incapable afterwards after-wards of getting a livelihood, shall receive, during dur-ing his life or the continuance of such disabil ity; the one-half of his monthly pay from and after the time that his pay as an officer or soldier ceases." After the Constitution had been adopted and the new government had been orgnnleed, It continued con-tinued for a time the pensions which had been previously granted and assumed their payment Soon, however, a strong demand arose for a new pension law, and on March 23, 1792, the first pension law passed by the new government went Into effect Later there grew a demand for a pension law not based upon disability Incurred In the service and In his annual message to congress on December De-cember 2, 1817. President Monroe recommended such a law. A bill was passed by the house on December 24, as a sort of a Christmas present to the veterans of the Revolution, passed by the senate Immediately afterwards and approved by President Monroe on March 18, 1818. The loose wording of this law, however, made frauds easy and the grant of pensions became a public scandal. A law passed In 1820 required all pensioners already on the mils and future applicants to file a statement of property as proof of their alleged dependence upon government govern-ment bounty for a livelihood. As a result, the names of many pensioners were stricken from the rolls. series of pension acts In furor of the widows of soldiers of the Revolution, restricted at first to those who had married before the close of the Revolution. These grew more liberal later until pensions were granted to all widows, regardless of the date of marriage. Out of these pensions, and similar ones for widows of veterans of later wars, grew many abuses of the pension system, for It became a practice for young women to marry aged veterans In order to benefit by a government pension after the death of their husbands. hus-bands. The pension rolls of the Revolution had scarcely scarce-ly grown to their peak when the United States became engaged In another war the War of 1812 to add to Its list of veterans and dependents depend-ents drawing pensions. And the same thing waa repeated later at Intervals of two decades with the Mexican war and the Civil war The first law pensioning soiuiers ot me Ulvll war was a disability pension act of July 14, 1802, which provided for the disabled survivors, for the widows, orphan children and dependent members of those who died because of wounds received or disease contracted while In the service of the United States and In line of duty. Rates for total disability ranged from $8 to $30 a month, according to rank, and these same rates were applied to the widows nf the soldiers. Successive laws, beginning July 4. 1S64, and cnlmlnatlng In the recent act which increased the pensions of Civil war widows more than seventy-five years old, have Increased the rates, setting fixed rates for various kinds of disability. Ttie Civil war changed a number of things as regards the pension treatment of war veterans. In the first place, the veterans of that war were numerically of large political Importance. They were able to make their influence felt in Washington; Wash-ington; consequently the march of pension legislation leg-islation quickened after the close of the war. The passage of the arrears act In 1879 added greatly to the burden of debt which Uncle Sam bears because of the warn In .which he has engaged. en-gaged. This act provided that all pensions which had been granted or might hereafter be granted should date from the time of disability, provided application were made before January 1, 1.880. The effect of that law Is shown by the fact that the total sum paid for pensions Jumped from $32,000,000 In 1879 to $50,000,000 In 1380, the greatest Increase In any one year in the history of our pension system. From time to time during the course of the pension history of the country various Presidents have attempted to stem the tide of pension payments. pay-ments. Outstanding in this effort was President Grover Cleveland. A bill to establish service pensions for persons in dependent circumstances was vetoed by President Cleveland In 18S0. a similar bill was passed June 27, 1890, providing that all persons who had served 90 days In the war and who were suffering from any mental or physical disability of a ernianent character which Incapacitated them from performing man ual labor might receive pensions ranging from 1 $6 to $12 a month, according to the degree of disability. Widows of soldiers who served 90 ; days who were dependent upon their dally labor for support could receive $8 a month. The most carefully worked out attempt to fore stall trie expensive and sometimes CHICKENS POINT TO VITAMIN DISCOVERY Beri-Beri Cure Belicred to Have Led to Idea. Some chkkena In Java contract' ed berl berl lo 1897 and their cur possibly led to the idea expressed in the now common word, vitamin. which la beard and read on every hand, says H. EL Wllllama of the New York State College of Agrl culture. Beri-beri, he says, la disease of the nerves which leads to paralysis and heart failure, A Dutch physician, named Eljkman, waa medical officer to prisoners In Java. lie discovered that the bene that were fed only the left-over doI lshed rice from the prisoners' table had contracted the disease. Doctor Eljkman then added the rice pollshlngs, which la similar to the bran of wheat, to the chickens' diet and they recovered. Then the prisoners were fed the unpolished rice instead of the well milled sort and from that time the disease beri beri ceased to worry medical offi cers of the Orient From that time the chemists be gan to experiment and to theorize on the substances known today as vitamins. The word was first coined twenty years ago by a Polish chem ist as a symbol for an unknown substance sub-stance vital to health and life. Later, the chemists turned to the alphabet as a temporary means to designate each vitamin, since they are of unknown composition. Six different vitamins are now definite ly known, although a recent book lists a possible seventeen. No one knows what vitamins are except that they occur In small quantities, that they are easily destroyed by beat and oxidation. Fight on Tuberculosis in Illinois Successful The state department of agricul ture of Illinois, through Its exten sive program of testing poultry for tuberculosis, has succeeded In suppressing sup-pressing to a large extent the dis ease In the counties where this work has been done. But of much greater Importance Is the fact that the Information secured se-cured can be used by any flock own- In other North Central states whej-e tuberculosis In poultry is equally prevalent, to rid his flock of this menace without applying the tuberculin test. Out Of a total of 2J02 noultrr flocks In LaSalle, Livingston, Bureau Bu-reau and McLean counties, Illinois, tuberculin tested during the period September 1, 1931, to December 1, 1032, 1,323 or 57 per cent disclosed one or more reacting tuberculosis birds. This Is a lower percentage of flock Infection than was found In several other counties In the North Central states. Out of a total of 06,088 old birds tested (over eighteen months of age), 12,571 or 13.08 per cent reacted. react-ed. Out of a total of 250.802 young birds tested (under eighteen months of age), 3.080 or 1.23 per cent reset re-set ed. This strongly confirms previous pre-vious data secured which shows that old birds are more seriously affected affect-ed with tuberculosis than pullets. The lower percentage of the pullets reacted In the counties where the testing was done at an earlier age. New York's Porkers Make Good Showing - '"j ,.v, JSMSSJMBSWBB ' Hog Raising Among Im portant Industries of State. Br John r. William. Nw York SHaMl CoUc of Arrtcultur. WNU Sarvlc. A gross income of $7,849,000 from bogs places the porker among the Important farm industries of New York state. Census totals for January, Janu-ary, 1930, show 231,000 hogj on New York state farms, bat June figures, which would Include the spring crop of pigs would increase the total, he says. New Tork state farmers market large amounts of grain, hay, and pasture through bogs. An acre of alfalfa, clover, or rape sares more than 1,100 pounds of corn, and about 400 pounds of tankage when grazed by growing pigs. In the dry lot 350 to 400 pounds of grain and concen trates make about 100 pounds of pork. A 400-pound brood sow eata about 2,000 pounds of grain when she raises two litters, and 1,800 to 1,900 pounds when she raises one litter a year. Most of the 1,500 pure-bred hogs In New York state are In herds of from three to Ave sows. Chester White is the most popular breed. followed by : Berkshire, Duroc Jer sey, Poland China, and Hampshire. Most of the grade cross-bred pigs are sold at weaning time to buyers who fatten one, two, or three pigs for home-killing. A few feeders feed from 100 to 200 pigs a year; they make a business busi-ness of collecting garbage In cities which do not have disposal plants. Commercial pork production is not considered profitable In New York state, but a few pigs can be fed largely on garbage that la wasted. with some additional grain. To improve aJ Is) APPEIi : i A sluggish annetit. glsh colon. Correct? called $tatit, and aJ listless, drooping bojJ to eaf end gain! tJI buvu cm lores W uuauuueruietl ng svn vMuuurmu syrup of wonderful things for children all over thtj ir your baby, boy w pttte-iacea and constipation breath b tongue coated all th give cathartics that t feet of bowels! syrup of figs that either stomach or bot' act on the lower cowjpp t trouble lies. if1 Nature never has m mt laxative for children- e the wholesome, fnilrj't' real California syrm 1" purely vegetable, but ef has It all bottled, wfflf r Begin with it at onctl will soon be eating bets 5 ing better. Keep on tt' 1 of flgs a few days andn 1 Improvement in anJt i .'i 1 -1 dJ 1 ;' bo ' 1 a i i f ac i weight, and spirits. ! f t now and then, keen w'; Children who get colds. NOTICE: The bofite, nia Syrup of Figs rttytf tnother$ that the tm here apply only to tXtt vet in bottle plainly u IF0RNIA. Is;1'" ' Uin ts I td i :eli Run Full Capacity If opinion of state poultry workers work-ers and Investigators Is a safe guide there should be no hesitation about raising as many chicks as your equipment permits In 1933. The outlook Is favorable for reasonable rea-sonable profits at present and probable prob-able prices. As a general proposition, propo-sition, year after year, poultry raising Is a profitable business under un-der careful management. When market prices are comparatively low one must practice greater economy econ-omy In management and be satis-fled satis-fled with smaller profits than In the years of high prices. Those who really make money on poultry are I those who stick to It year after i year with an eye always on all the factors that contribute to loss and 1 gain. Nebraska Farmer. Mice and Rabbits Damage HERE IT IS rruit Trees During Snow The deep snows of winter, bene ficial as they are In restoring to the subsoil some of the reserve of mois ture which was depleted during the long drought period, nevertheless have brought about a condition In jurious to the fruit belt In the east ern states, says the Washington Star. Field mice and rabbits, unable to reach their normal food supplies, turn to fruit trees, especially apple trees, for food. They gnaw through the outer bark to reach the cambium layer and Inner bark and often cir cle the entire trunk in their search for food. When this occurs It be comes vital that the trees be bridge- grafted, else the trees will die. Trees which must be so treated need prompt attention. Scions to be used In the grafting should be cut and held In cold storage until spring when the grafting should be started at the first Indications that the sap Is rising. In the meantime, dirt must be piled up over the wound In the tree to prevent drying. Ft Cmtk-Cohhl? ' I 1 BRONCHI-LYPTUSfc ! 1 No Maraotle No Aloobol-ltB; Ufc Mad from Um BjnmlrpMM J . ' TKIKK Mipl. BBOK r , . LJLB. TSX Cra At., Lot t ' SaM M r wtmm ton LOtllinHMTTlri tan" ft I I VI f Jed CiiAPPr i III 1 4ui n d what To quickly relifd raid chapping and rough Cf th Pplyi loothinier disc i.re i irec f.l wait! Trapping Japanese Beetle The bureau of plant quarantine, which enforces the Japanese beetle quarantine, put out nearly 00,000 traps last year. Covering territory from Florida and Ohio to New England, Eng-land, the traps were moved gradually gradual-ly northward as the season ad vanced. They were plated in traffic centers, so that the first appearance of the Insects in an unlnfested region re-gion may be noted. In this way plant quarantine officials receive timely warning of a threatened out break. In certain sections, like the Dis trict of Columbia, where 3,000 were Installed this year, traps give vegetation veg-etation some protection by luring Japanese beetles from the flowers and foliage on which they feed. These traps are emptied once a day. What SHE 15 WORN-OUT HtC yjnaccmiiSDmm Kan O(orhi6uoti? , to" con.pla.ntt. iftr i Jfclnj jiu;;ee. tlsh v'thn In hulreqgev, ,a ne "faraed out. tioo the very frof 3DCC bd whippLC $ th ter taking Nl (Nature's fta-edyV fta-edyV u she ad-Vised, ad-Vised, he felt bl keenly alert. nt.nrv .Kt4ri NR the niiL HnAKi JLm vtgeUble laxative and correo 'a A ni tive irarka nmtlv. thnr. A oughly, naturally. ft ttim- L I lOVlti ul a tea the eliminative ft f tract tocornnk-o r,l t I A ittn I fuitttioniraiNooJiajit- t 8 ett : y Was ; sur Jer fad a Sghtl i of ovlte 8 box. 2 fie at druggists'. "TUMS " Quick relic tion, nearm think Aarked. Query ever a Time to Do Culling With the laying flock In winter quarters It Is a good time to go over the birds carefully to detect any that are out of condition and likely like-ly to be diseased. These, If found, should be removed Immediately to avoid any general outbreak. Strict attention at feeding time, noting the birds that are slow to come off the roosts, and careful handling will usually usu-ally bring out the birds that should be removed, making room for pullets pul-lets to be added later in the season. Home-Made Brush Burner A home made brush burner, which will burn orchard prunlngs as fast as three men can pile them In, solves one common orchard prob lem for Clifton and Everett Derby of North Leominster, Mass. The burner is a large box, 10 feet by 6 feet by 3 feet deep, made of scrap Iron, salvaged from old Iron drums ana sheet roofing, the pieces fastened fas-tened together, with stove bolts. Ventilation, which was found necessary nec-essary to keep the brush burning, was provided by chopping a few holes In the sides with an ax. The box Is mounted on skids and Is pulled through the orchard at the end of the pruning season by a trac tor or team, while men pick up the pruned branches from under the trees and pile them In the box. tiered n Was there ever a ..,.! , ieftbls "tl. tap A Strength is Iten t th mtei I h( je (l fthe fit; t In v ieai 9 lun ,paa not than by triiaf i.fnt - ' ' i U I tj- in the early days of the Republic, nenslona entered the V..rU wp i. ' .. that our government had ever tried to find a system sys-tem at the ontlireiik of fl war to deal with dis union veteruns in n e manner other pensioning them. After the war, too, efforts Here made to prevent pre-vent the beginning of a pension, system by giving giv-ing the veteran some government assistance In establishing himself What the result has been -In the long drawm.ut dispute over bonus leirlaln. tlon and other matter- connected with veterans' compensation la too well known from recent events to require furtlier comment In this article (C by Waaturii Nniair L'nloa.) were djstriouted by the secretaries of war and navy. Hut ou March 12, 1S33. a commission of pensions was set up under the direction of the secretary of war. In Hid the pensions dls bursed by the secretary of the navy were also placed under the administration of the commission commis-sion of pensions, which In the same vear was transferred to the department of Interior and became be-came the pensions bureau. There If rennlne,! until 11)31 when the l.'nlted States veterans' n.l iiniiisirauon was established and absorbed pensions bureau. In 1S30 there began the enactment of a the long Select Attractive Feeds In preparing a laying ration It Is well to consider only such feeds as are digestible, wholesome and palatable. pal-atable. I'ulatablllty Is an Important Impor-tant factor In a laying mash. A ration ra-tion In which the mash la extremely extreme-ly heavy and compact Is not so easily eas-ily digested as Is one that Is lighter, since egg production Is dependent upon feed consumption. It Is Important Impor-tant that the ration be made as attractive at-tractive as possible to gain and hold the attention of the birds that should be laying eggs. Agricultural Chaff Ohio's roadside markets were 94 per cent farmer owned in 1932. Demand for boys to work on farm In New Zealand Is exceeding the supply. Three hundred and seventy mil lion tons of farm waste may be used In the manufacture of drugs, perfumes per-fumes and explosives. Fanners and others dwelling outside out-side of Incorporated places paid 39 per cent of the total road costs In Ohio In 1031, or about $3.r00,000. This amount paid by fanners for the support of roads was a 34 per cent Increase over what was paid In 1021-25. MANY folks have thin. Dale blood they're weak, feel tired, logy and dull. Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Dis covery increases the appetite, eliminates poisons from the intestines, stimulates tht digestion, enrlchea the mubIiho .kin of eruption, and blrmUMslllln in lm, vigor and vitality. PamenesS, I. M. Harvey of 122 West U4. I fa . Lake City, uyi: "In my opiw" j 1 my husband opinion. Dr. th Medical Discovery Is by f5kf,a nT general tonic. We take this f the winter and Hiring month f ,the ourselves in good health w "oi I f he of colds and spells of lnfiift " other ailment to which H t a more or lea." Sold by draO, g 15' a 'mat fijatk I lftlTt1!irilt A nacffin? backs? bladder irreguUrrtelng. a tired, nervous, M-f. Co feeling may warn din n;, sms ordered kidney of ivi.:..m dition. Users everjrAruce) and on Doan't Pills. dwindle more than 50 yeariKipart frt users the country ovd began all druggists. 1 a loose nattered in toe el. "decu Bllif 111 8 and had lyllght hi J the! rngf ....UMIUUISJ- QDANI Pill A DIURETIC FOB 7HC JUDNEV3 |
