Show from the boston transcript the tm kish empire the frequent use of the words Sultan porte ac ac in the newspapers publishing accounts till of affairs in turkey at the me present uwe time are erroneously understood by many persons the sublime porte is the official title tide of government of the ottoman empire and not the title of any officer of the government as an many suppose it to be the ottoman emperor is called sultan sultan or grand seignior accord according to the fancy of the person speaking or writing inay they all in mean the so same me th thing ing pacha is the governor of a province provin cep and according to the importance of his province he is distinguished by one two or three tails every pacha has his own army in his own province dis liuch from the grand army of the empire A pacha with three tails has the power to punish with death any agent whom he employs or any individual who seems to threaten the general safety bey is a sub governor under the pacha the divan is the council of state and consists of the principal ministers the reis effendi is high chancellor of the empire and stands at the head bead of all the body of attorneys which body is thought to contain the best informed men of the nation coal cadi is a sort of or ice of the to order the bas bastinado linado on common people to impose a fine on a rich greek or european to tb coh condemn a thief to be hanged is about all ali toe the duty duly of an ordinary cadi the power of the sultan is absolute he appoints and displaces at his pleasure all the great civil and military functionaries function aries and is master of their lives and fortunes when any state officer dies whatever he possesses at his death goes into the pocket of the sultan who is also master odthe lives and fortunes of overly every sub subject beet aud and when any one dies without male issue he becomes heir to the estate in caw case there are sons he be claims only one tenth and the sons retain the other nine tenths but they do not own any of it no man can own or hold any right in fee simple to any inherited property he is only a tenant for life and the sultans claim comes in ia at every mauls mans death the clerks of the grand treasury make their own valuation in settling estates at as high a rate as they please it often happens that what is left after the one tenth is gone is almost valueless in the cities and large towns the grand senior is curtailed in the exercise of this unlimited authority by the presence of so many well informed persons as there always are in cities and through whose influence he expects to gain favor and credit in time of need A secret police in the pay of the emperor le is usually usually v abroad and the smallest pretenses pretences are an i enough to confiscate a citizens property the people when they choose to rell rebel against their tyrants set the city on fire and almost always find su t in the jealousy of some disappointed or ambitious person of influence and sometimes in the indignant probity probia orsome of some powerful individual in the political state every man who is invested with power is a at liberty to delegate that power entirely to another thus the sultan is vico vicegerent gerent of the prophet every pacha is a representative of the sultan and the bey is representative of the pacha and so on in military progress progression on till every soldier carrying an order has his authority thus multiplying oppression which falls heavily on all classes all public places and employments are openly I 1 given to the highest bidder thus a pacha having paid high for his own office in his turn disposes of those in his bis line hue to tho thoe e of offering fesing the highest price taking care to indemnity indemnify himself at the expense of those under him the same system pervades all turkish society the least favor must be by presents even the sentence of the cadi and declaration of witnesses are purchased in the same way this system is the more dreadful as every grade of judges pronounce sentence from which there is no appeal the present sultan is said to be a high minded man and in favor of reforming many of the abuses of his bis government there is room ta |