Show ROOSEVELT SPEAKS BEFORE NOBEL PRIZE COMMITTEE t Lecture on International Peace Is Delivered in Ways Ways in Which the Cause May Be Advanced Are AreL L I Set Forth International International Peace was the fitting topic selected by Col Theodore Roosevelt for his lecture before before before be be- fore the Nobel prize committee which was delivered here Thursday A largo large and distinguished audience listened to the man to whom was awarded the Nobel peace prize for bringing about peace between Japan and Russia Mr 11 Roosevelt said Need of Industrial Peace It is with peculiar pleasure that I stand here today todar to express the deep appreciation I 1 feel of the high honor conferred upon me by the presentation presenta presenta- tion Uon of the Nobel peace prize The gold medal which formed part of the prize I 1 shall always keep and I 1 shall hand band it on to my children as a precious heirloom The sum of money provided as part of the prize by the wise generosity generosity generosity gen gen- of the illustrious founder of this world famous prize system I did not under the peculiar circumstances of the case feel at liberty to keep I think it eminently just and proper that In most cases the recipient of the prize should keep leep for his own use the prize in its entirety But in this case while I 1 did not act officially as president of the United States it was nevertheless only because I 1 was president president president pres pres- ident that I 1 was enabled to act at all and I 1 felt that the money must be considered as having been given mein me mein mein in trust for the United States I therefore therefore therefore there there- I fore used it it-as it as a a. nucleus for a foundation foundation foundation tion to forward the he cause of Industrial industrial industrial indus Indus- I trial peace as being well within the general purpose of your committee for in our complex industrial civilization civilization tion of today the peace of righteousness righteous righteous- ness and justice the only kind of peace worth having is at least as necessary in the industrial world asit as as asit it is among nations There is at least as much need to curb the cruel cruet greed and arrogance of part of the world of capital to curb the cruel greed and violence of part of the world of labor as to check a cruel I and unhealthy militarism in International International international relationships When Peace May Be Evil We must ever bear in mind that the great end in view is righteousness justice as between man and man nation nation na na- tion and nation the lead our lives on a somewhat higher level with a broader spirit of brotherly good goodwill goodwill goodwill will one for another Peace is generally generally gen gen- good in itself but it is never the highest good unless it comes as the handmaid of righteousness and It becomes a very evil thing If it serves merely as a mask for cowardice and sloth or as an instrument to further the ends of despotism or anarchy We despise and abhor the bully the brawler the oppressor whether in private or public life but we despise no less the coward and the ary No man is worth calling a man who will not fight rather than submit to infamy or see those that are dear to him suffer wrong No nation deserves deserves deserves de de- serves to exist if it permits itself to lose the stern and virile virtues and this without regard to whether the loss Is due to the growth of a heartless heartless heartless heart heart- less and all-absorbing all commercialism to prolonged indulgence in luxury and soft effortless ease or to the deification deification deification tion of a warped and twisted senti senti- mentality Moreover and above all let us remember remember remember re re- member that words count only when they give expression to deeds or areto areto are areto to be translated into them The leaders leaders leaders lead lead- ers of the Red Terror prattled of peace while they steeped their hands in the blood of the Innocent and many a tyrant has bas called it peace when he has scourged honest protest Into nto silence Our words must be I judged by our deeds and in striving for or a lofty ideal idea we must use practical practical ical methods and if we cannot attain attain at- at tain ain all at one leap we must advance towards it step by step reasonably content so long as we do actually make some progress in the right di dI- Now having freely admitted the limitation imitations to our work and the qualifications qualifications to be borne in mind I 1 feel that I have the right to have have my words taken talen seriously when I 1 point out where in my judgment great advance advance advance ad ad- vance can be made in the cause of international international international in in- peace I 1 speak as as a practical practical practical man and whatever I 1 now advocate advocate advocate cate I 1 actually tried to do when I was for the time being the head of a great nation and keenly jealous of di r its honor honor hon hone or and interest I ask other nations to do only what I 1 should be gl glad d to see my own nation do Treaties of Arbitration The advance can be made ale g several lines First of all there n all all- be treaties of arbitration T Ther hof r h of course states so do at civilized community ought n t ter into an arbitration tr them at least until w rr l g golie rie much farther than at pres f n ri s securing se securing se- se curing some kind of P t pIa police po- po police police po po- lice action But all area r 8 civilized communities should i have active arbitration arbitration arbitration ar ar- treaties I believe that the these Vf lr lr Han an cover almost f all quest ons r rise between between be be- tween such n nation f He e a drawn with the exp explicit Bat at each c contracting party P ty the tle oth oth- r ers er's territory and absolute sovereignty within that territory and the equally explicit agreement that aside from the very rare cases where the nations nation's honor is vitally concerned all other possible subjects of controversy willbe will willbe willbe be submitted to arbitration Such a treaty should insure peace until one ono party deliberately violated it Of course as yet there is no adequate safeguard against such deliberate vio vio- violation violation lation but the establishment of a sufficient number of these treaties would go a long way towards creating a world opinion which would finally find expression in the provision of methods to forbid or punish an any such violation Work of Hague Tribunal Secondly there Is the tho further development development development de de- of The Hague trl tribunal unal of ot the work of the conferences and courts at The Hague It has been well said that the first Hague conference framed a Magna Charta for the nations nations nations na na- It set before us an ideal which has already to some extent been realized realized realized real real- and towards the full realization of which we can can all steadily strive The second conference made further progress the third should do yet more Meanwhile the American government government government gov gov- has more than once tentatively tentatively tentatively tenta tenta- suggested methods for completing completing completing com com- the court of arbitral Justice constituted at the second Hague conference conference con con- ference and for rendering it effective It is earnestly to be hoped that tho the various governments of Europe workIng workIng working work work- ing with those of America and of Asia shall set themselves seriously to the task of devising some method which shall accomplish this result If I 1 may venture the suggestion it would be well for the statesmen of the world in planning for the erection of this world court to study what has been een done in the United States by the Supreme court I cannot help thinking think think- In ing that the Constitution of the United United Uni- Uni ted States notably in the establishment establishment establishment establish establish- ment of the Supreme court and in the methods adopted for securing peace and good relations among and between between between be be- tween the different states offers certain certain certain tain valuable analogies to what should be striven for In order to secure through The Hague courts and conferences conferences conferences confer confer- a species of world federation for international peace and justice There are of course cours fundamental differences differences differences dif dif- between what the United States Constitution does and what we should ever attempt at this time to secure at The Hague but the methods methods methods meth meth- adopted in the American Constitution Constitution Constitution to prevent hostilities between the states and to secure the supremacy supremacy supremacy acy of of the federal court In certain clas classes es of cases are well worth the study of those who seek at The Hague to obtain the same result on a world scale I Undue Growth of Armaments In the third place something should be done as soon as possible to check the growth of armaments especially naval armaments by international agreement No one power could or should act by itself for its is eminently eminent eminent- ly undesirable from the standpoint of the peace of righteousness that a power which really does believe in peace should place itself at the mercy of some rival which may at bottom have no such belief and no intention of acting on it But granted sincerity sincerity sincerity sin sin- of purpose the great powers of the world should find no insurmountable able difficulty in reaching an agreement agreement agreement agree agree- ment which would put an end to the present costly and nd growing extravagance extravagance gance ance of expenditure on naval arma arma- ments meats An agreement merely to limit the size of the ships would have been very useful a few years ago and would still be of use but the agreement should go much further Finally it would be a master stroke if IC those great powers honestly bent on peace would form a league of peace not only to keep the peace among themselves but to prevent by force If necessary its being broken by others The supreme difficulty In connection with developing the peace work of of The Hague arises from the lack of any executive power of an any police power to enforce the decree of the court In any community of any size the authority authority authority au au- of the courts rests upon actual or potential force on the existence of ofa a police or on the knowledge that the bodied able men of the tho country are both ready and willing to see that the decrees of judicial and legislative bodies are put into effect In new and wild communities where there is violence violence violence vio vio- lence an honest man must protect himself and until other means of seI se- se I euring his safety are devised It is b both th foolish and wicked to persuade him to surrender his arms while themen the themen themen men who are dangerous to the community community community com com- retain theirs He should hould not renounce cc the right to protect himself by his own efforts until the community community is so organized that it can effectively effectively effectively relieve the individual of the duty of putting down own violence So itis it itis is is- with nations Each nation must keep well wen prepared to defend Itself until until until un un- til the establishment of some form of International police power competent competent compe compe- tent and willing to prevent violence ap all between nations |