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Show FARM AND GARDEN. MATTERS OF INTEREST AGRICULTURISTS. on TO lltnu About CultlTa-tlo- u of (ho bull oud 1'loliU Thoreof Horticulture, Viticulture oud ftiurl-eultur-e. ta ' Ruulun Hope. retail 1882, that. In when hops were very scarce, and when we were paying (or them ten (runes per kilo.,and even more, our brewers searched in every direction (or cheaper hops. Orders were then specially sent to Poland, from which country we received some hops o( very ordinary Quality, at prices not more than hal( those which were being charged (or the Interior qualities produced in other countries. The situation is now entirely changed, as it is not uncommon, to find Polish hops quoted at very high rates. It Is true that considerable plantations have existed in Russia (or a long period, but their product has been little known, and has been in small demand because the drying and curing were (ar from what was desirable. During the past twelve years or so many imThe provements have been effected. Russian government, seeing the profits which would accrue to the country by the adoption oI a more rational and more careful system, has supported the efforts made by the planters, with the object o( obtaining a product resembling the fine qualities o( Germany and Austria. The first Warsaw hop company, whose collection o( samples s shown in the brewery section o( our International Exhibition, were among the earliest to take advantage of this encouragement given by the support of the government, and have rendered important service to the hop culture by engaging experts from abroad, and by introducing on a large scale the cultivation of plants obtained from Bohemia and Bavaria. After careful of the samples resulting from these replantings, we are able to Rtate that they now correspond very nearly with tho actual Bohemian or Bavarisn growths. The total produc Won of hops in the world in 1891 Rus amounted to 1,650.000 quintals. was this to figure contribution alas 63,000 quintals and her export of hops In 1896 to the different European states reacted 21,000 quintals, being an increase of 2,500 quintals upon the previous year. It can, therefore, be that Russian hups will proban honorable and importattain ably ant position in the worlds market. lie Petit Journal du Biasstur, Brussels. to-da- y, ; The Cherry Orchard. Bulletin 35, of the Delaware experiment station treats of the cherry. In part it says: Soil. The cherry will thrive in a variety of soils, but it reaches Its highest development in oue naturally light, dry and loamy; in a soil retentive oi moisture, but which never sours." The sweet cherry will flourish on soils too vadry for other fruits, but the sourdevelrieties require more moisture to op their best cherries. The must have recourse to umlenlraining If the soil is not naturally dry, but or. light dry knolls, otherwise favorable to cherry culture, the moisture con ten; and the moisture-holdin- g capacity ot the soil can be increased by the addition of vegetable matter, and by judicious surface cultivation. The writer has in mind a knoll in eastern New York, ideal for the sweet cherry, bul which waB too dry and thin for the growth of the trees. The mechanical condition of the soil has beer, changed by turning under crimson clover, and by frequent cultivation to a deep retentive loam, adapted to the hlghcs' development of the fruit in the drycs: seasons. Location. It is probable that !i: northern Delaware the best result.-witthe cherry will follow a locatioi the period of blooming, ; retards .that elope to the west or northwest, as nr exposure to the south would hasten th development of the buds In spring, and endanger the crop from the late whitf frosts. The selection of a dcprcssioi. or the base of a hill is likely to he followed by late frosts in these locations In the central and southern part of tin state, where the country Is nearly level or gently undulating, a slight elevation Is preferable since It Insures good drainage of the land, and a circulatlor 'of air. It should be said, however, that the more hardy sour cherry will thrive on lower levels than the sweet .varieties. Distance of Trees. In thirty year? 'the vigorous varieties of sweet cherries may attain a height of from 4 to 50 feet, with arnw spreading on The either side from 15 to 20 feet. varieties of sweet ehprrles should stand mot less than 30 feet apart each way. Closer distance result In Interlacing branches, difficult picking and spraying and a larger amount of derayed fruit. Iu western New York, the sour varieties are set at various dlstsnces. ranging from 12x12 to 18x18 feet. Later plantings place the trees 18x18 feet for the spreading Montmorency and Early Richmond, and 16x16 feet for the more bushy Morelloa. Propagating the Varieties. Cherry trees are usually set two years after budding. The trees are budded in the nursery as yearlings, the sour cherries mainly on the Mahaleb, and less on the Maxzard, and the sweet varieties almost entirely on the Maxzard. If the grower contemplates the cherry business on a large scale, the writer believes It of great importance that he select buds from trees with uniformly heavy bearing tendencies, and send them to a nurseryman to be budded for the future orchard. Every fruit grower appreciates the fact that some trees of his orchard always bear, others occasionally bear, while still others never bear. It is universally known that the tendencies In a bud are transmitted to the plant resulting from its propagation. The present system of propagating fruits from bearing trees, trees, and nursery rows must tend to deteriorate varieties, which can be maintained and Improved only by selecting buds from trees whose fruit is superior to that of the entire orchard. The subject of the maintenance and Improvement of varieties through bud selection will be treated in a subsequent bulletin. Pruning. The pruning of the cherry orchard should be done during the first two or three years of its existence, after which only the dead and interlacing branches will need to be removed. In general, the sweet cherry should be so formed as to give It a spreading habit. When the sweet cherry la allowed to grow without paying attention to its form, it assumes a spire-lik- e shape, but if the head is started 3 to 3fc feet from the ground, and the three or four main arms are pruned in for two or three years, the tree assumes more of the spreading apple tree form. The spreading form of tree has many essential advantages; it facilitates the operation of Bpraying, materially reduces the cost of gathering the fruit, and of greater Importance, it shades the trunk and lessens the danger to it from sun scald and from the bursting of the bark. non-beari- ng DAIRY AND POULTRY. INTERESTING CHAPTERS FOR OUR RURAL READERS. How SiMMifal Forman Ope rata Thla Depart uiaut of tho Farm A Vrw Illnta aa to tho Coro of Lira Stock oad Poultry. Advmca la Dairying. T is true that the dairy schools arc doing much fur dairying. It is true that the agricultural pupers, and institutes, and speakers, and writers, are doing much for dairying. It is alsu true that many dairymen have become progressive and are doing much by their example for dairying. Nevertheless, advance n dairying is slow, very slow. And why should it not be? The advance Is counted not by what a few do, but by the average of what all are doing. Dairying is a thing that must be dealt with in its parts and not in its whole. Every man nnd every woman that milks a cow or makes butter Is a part of that whole and each part must be dealt with separately. The advance la more talked about than real, when speaking of the whole. The dirty dairyman has not by any means yet been eliminated. The Ignorant feeder and butter-makare still in evidence The dairyman who cares little about the condition of the goods at delivery fa still a great factor. All of these must be reformed, and the work Is How. It is astonishing to find how numerous are the farmers that neither Ake papers nor attend institutes. lt These are the ones that it is moBt to reach. They imagine that they -om prise in themselves all knowledge in the lines in which they are worker dif-lcu- ing. For these reasons dairy advante must continue to be the result of coy- ttant preacnlng of what some call tic of butter-- makers ne . gr-rr-e- - g, ed cross-fertilizatio- n. POWERS OF MUSIC. ANCIENT PHYSICIANS BELIEVED SOUNDS WOULD CURE. - good cows, good fairy gospel The Sorghum In Kaiiana. and cleanly habits. Prtb- In 1893, when the first returns of the ably there is no better way to reanh sorghums in Kansas .be common cow owner than the neighwere made to the State Board of Agriborhood meeting. Farmers, especially culture the area planted to milo maize If neighbors, can say things that will was 14,004 acres, Kafir corn 46,911 be listened to, when if a stranger acres, and Jerusalem corn 17,027 acres. (often called book farmers) were to In the four years since, according to five the same advice it would be rea press bulletin issued by Secretary F. jected. We feel that every reader c? D. Coburn, milo maize has fallen 25.3 this column has a personal work to do per cent in acreage, and Jerusalem In this line. If it be possible to zall corn 50 per cent, while the increase small meeting of farmers for Bach in Kafir corn has been 692 per cent, let it be done by all mejnr. 324,838 acres. The counties in 1893 Start the ball rolling. Like the lul-- e having 1,000 acres or more of Kafir ball in the snow, It will become corn were Neosho, leading with 2,832 as it rolls. A multitude of tLOw acres; Clark. 2,480; Comanche, 2,405; meetings should be held all over O e Haskell, 2,005; Ness, 1,716; Greenwood, country, and the work of reformat ic n I,- 627; Dickinson, 1,549; Stanton, 1,321; started at the bottom. Strike first at Gray, 1,263; Morris, 1,218; Meade, 1,210; he dirt. That is the greatest and ir. nst Ford 1,171; Grant, 1,150; Lincoln, 1,099, uncompromising enemy of the dairyand Ellis, 1,044, or fifteen counties all man. Then strike at the poor cow. She told. This year there are 71 counties l.i a stumbling block that makes inacy with 1,000 acres and upwards, ranging to offend. If these two points can Le from 1,128 acres in Graham to 22,256 Impressed cleanliness and good cows in Greenwood. This year's area is the reform will have been well be71,838 acres. The leading counties are gun. But some will say, Why, the farmers Greenwood, with 22,256 acres; Barber, 21,348; Dickinson, 11,731; Butler, 11,714. already know these things!" Perhaps jnd Reno, 11,124. So popular has this so, but they do not realize them. Someplant become that It is grown In every times people know, things nnd allow county, and. except in a very few, its conditions to go on for years, but sudacreage is of considerable importance, denly something starts them to thinkif the total increase in acreage during ing of them hard, and they wake- up. la usually followed by ache past four years was equally appor-ione- d The wake-u- p there would he 3,093 acres in- tion. This is the case with dairying. crease for each county in the state. Men dont stop to think, at least, do During the four years from 1894 to not think in a way that results in action. The days are coming when the 1897 inclusive, the saccharine sorghum same number of cows that are kept 220,323 166 or Increased acres, area per cent. The total this year is 352,528 now will give double the amount of acres. The county having the largest milk and butter that they do now. The planting la Barber, with 13,183 acres, time is coming when the ycience of followed by Finney. 11,873; Ottawa., making butter will be so generally difJ.- 930; Reno, 9,082; Russell, 8,883, and fused that all the product will be twice Dickinson, 8,269. Sorghum is grown in as valuable as now (not necessarily twice as expensive to the consumer), very county; the great bulk of the saccharine sorghum now raised In the but the dairymen will be the gainers date is for forage and grain; not at all in the cost of keeping the number of and only in a Email cows Indicated. Dairy advance Is at for While stock growers present largely confined to neighborvay for syrup. ire pretty evenly divided as to which hoods, which is a hopeful sign. It arts are of greatest value for their shows what influence will do, espepurposes both the sweet aud the non- cially the influence of neighbors. Let every man put his shoulder to the sweet are rapidly gaining in popularwheel. factors in becoming aud important ity ;heir business. F. D. Coburn. Tara of Poultry. of Flowers. Miss Esther Color seems to me there is not much It Thompson, In the Asa Gray Bulletin, new to be said about poultry raising, disputes the dogma that color in flowIf one has read the especially ers is solely the product of light; and papers, one of which every poultry farmer also the dogma that color Is given to Is the to take. It ought dowers for the purpose of attracting Instory, hut If I tell It again perhaps sects, and thus aiding in some one will be benefited by it. PoulIn defense of her view, she try raising in this country has become points out that there la as much varia- an extensive business, and Is growing tion in color in roots In the darkness more in He of underground life, as in the flowers who raisesimportance every year. the best of fowls good any exposed to the full light above. She breed, for market, for breeding, or for refers to white and yellow carrots, pur- exhibition purposes, will not only make ple beets, red onions, the golden fibres his mark as a breeder, but will be lookcalled of the Coptls, commonly golded as one who disfanciers by upon thread; and she gives numerous other In fowl culture good judgment plays the black, upturned mud instances. In We Americans generally look at everyof a swamp, she collected among the from a financial standpoint. network of roots. Ivory white, brown, thing Our first question Is, Will It pay? fibres, belongblack and yellow-tinte- d That depends altogether on the maning to various species of plants. agement. The secret of success is simyou can do well. Cerman Yeast "That Doughton fa verj ply doing what what Is worth doing at all Is tainly, sees he Unless a he skeptical. thing doing well. Now, if we begin wont believe it exists." CrImHonbeak worth that idea, and a natural love for He never ran Into a rocking chair with we are sure of success. The poultry, Yonkers in the dark, then. poultry yard can be managed so that sugar-makin- It may become one of the most remunerative portions of the farm. With a little thought, and a trifle more expense, it is as easy to raise finely bred fowls as those of a common order, and the- effect is far mure pleasing. He who wishes to improve his stock from year to year, must be continually weeding out the imperfect birds, and breeding only from those which show the desirable qualities. If farmers would take as much pride in Improving their poultry as they do other stock, their yards would nut present such a motley coloring of fowls. Symmetry la altogether disregarded, and breeds are crossed and recrossed with just that effect that arises from no management at all. The practical part of poultry business is where the attention must be bestowed. Get the women Interested; give them quarters for their fowls; help them, if necessary, to keep them in good order, giving them the proceeds for their pin money, and, with their constant care, that part of the question will be solved. If your poul- try house is not warm, make it so, to your henB and chicks from cold, damp winds. Have It on a dry hill- side, facing the aouth or east if you can, giving the fowls the advantage oi the warmth of the sun in winter. Ar-range It so that it can be thoroughly ventilated at all times. Have a hard floor, covered two inches deep with fire gravel, so the droppings can be easily up. The perches should be Kffert M Philip of Spain la Kryp Haufi Hrr ImiI ta Frouiota Ortala I IrlM la Iba Yoaug Fatuous M u Irian. Slurlm About HE powerful Influ-T- S ence of music on our ln,el,clual t0- ultieB aud conse our on quently health has long been ascertained, either in raising the of tlie energies mind or producing go-a- despondency and meionrhoiy assoclg tions of Ideas, says the Fireside. Impressed with its sublime nature the ancients gave it a divine origin. Dimiorus tells us that It was a boon stowed on mankind after the deluge and owed lt8 dlHCOVery t0 thp UB produced by the wlnd whcn hlHlliug through the hat grew 0 banb8 0f tbe came the early 7pW Zhe . Herophilis explained and . L. a "atonB the Pulse by the modes, and rhythms of music, lu the sacred writings we have many in-'stances of its influence. The derange-- , ment of Saul yielded to the harp of.1 David and the hand of the Ijord came upon Elisha as the minstrel played. In Egypt certain songs were legally or- dalned In the education of youth to1 promote virtue and morality. Polybius assures us that music was! required to soften the manners of tlie: Arcadians, whose climate was heavy and Impure; while the Inhabitants of Cynaethc, who neglected this science, were the most barbarous In Greece. The medical power of harmonious sounds was also fully admitted. V find Pythagoras directing certain menbran and a little corn meal, is much tal disorders to be treated by music. relished, and excellent for them in ThaIe waa to bave evan the morning; occasionally l:dtetrou8 pMtll011ce by lt8 means. given a tonic of cayenne pepper, but Martlnus Capelia affirms that fevers not too much. The remainder of th were thus removed. Xenocrates was day feed whole grain as they need it. wi h cur,ng nianla by A box well filled with old plastering, dl 80nd' and Ascleplades deafness shells and charcoal, with a lit-- ! l" a trumIcL In modern times it tie pounded up freBh every morning for them to pick at. Is of great advant- has been related of a deaf lady that age. I find nothing better to keep she could only hear while a drum was them healthy than plenty of broken beating, and a drummer was kept in charcoal. The short cut grass from her house for the purpose of enabling the lawn during the summer, clean and her to converse. Aulus Gellius tells nicely dried in the shade, is greatly us that a case of sciatica was cured by relished by them in winter, when de- gentle modulations, and Theophrastus prived of their natural supply of green maintains that the bites of serpents, and other venomous reptiles can be refeed. Whether in or out of confinement, they must have meat food in lieved by similar means. Ancient some form the hens demand it to pro- - physicians, who attributed many eggs In abundance, which they eases to the Influence of evil plrlts,' will not fail to do, if fed a little every fancied that harmonious sounds drove day, when they can not have access to them away, more especially when ac- their natural supply of bug. and rompanied by incantations; and we find worms. It is better to give it to them ,n Luther mUKic one of the ..thjU raw, as nature supplies them A hen m08t beaullful and , 6 " is a machine. Give her plenty of the God, to which Satan Is a bitter enemy." and sheU return you In more modern rough material, times we have several a nicely formed egg.whlch no mechanic Instances of the medical powers of can duplicate. music. The effect produced by li Feed regularly, and especially the on Philip of Spain is well known. young chicks. There Is no kind of This monarch was in such a deplorable stock which appreciates regularity In ot ,,M,caUh vfron more those than aud feeding poultry, ref"8Wl to be or to ap- who practice It are sure to find that that ll it pays. Habit has been truly said to pear In public. On the arrival of was the resolved to queen be Berond nature, and all kinds of anitry mal life appreciate the fact. Certain the power of music, and a concert was hours should be Bet apart for feeding ordered in a room adjoining the king's the fowls, say seven In tbe morning chamber. Farinelli sung two of his and six In the evening, and It will not best airs, which so overcame Philip be long before they will come together that he desired he might be brought on the approach of the feeding hour, his presence, when he prorated Id and eagerly look for their regular ra- grant him any reasonable request le tions. Regular feeding Is beneficial might make. The performer, in t.no alike for those in confinement and most respectful manner, then beggd those which hare thelv liberty, for it the king to allow himself to be shaV'-Induces the latter to return home at a and attended by bis domestics, to certain hour, and thus prevents losses which consented. Farinelli Philip which would otherwise occur. On the to sing to him dally until a perfarm, where poultry Is seldom. If ever, fect cure was effected. The story of confined, regular dally feed, especially is rather curious; In a moment Tartini should be in the evening, adhered to, and this Is with turkeys an absolute of musical enthusiasm he fell asleep, when tbe devil was said to have Conecessity, as their predatory habits would lead them so far away that they loured to him playing on the vloPn. bidding him with a horrible grin to would form habits of staying. play as well as he did. Struck w'th the vision, the musician awoke, ran to The Hog Wanted. A correspondent his harpsichord and produced a splenof the Country Gentleman says: We did sonata. Bruckmnn and Hnielimd ami betbone want more size, stamina, ter feeding qualities, more fecundity, relate rases of St. Vitus dance cuied and the bacon type of hog, and we by music, which, according to also was reported to have want these things associated with good catalepsy. Schneider and breeding qualities, good development at a somewhat early age, easy keeping have ascertained its influence in hs-terand hypoehrondrlae afftrions. A qualities and, above all, docility. How shall we get what Is wanted? Theo- singular effect of music is related by dore Lewis of Wisconsin answers the Roger in tjio case of a twor wmeh question thus: Do just as I have done broken upon the wheel. In his agonget the bpst sows you can within the ies he screamed In the must fearful limit or your means, but do not buy manner. Some Itlneant musicians animal that chanced to pars by; they were stopped Borne is closely related to tho razorback. and requested to play to the sufferer, Get something that shows better when, to the surprise of nil around he breeding, and have them served by the seemed relieved, and lecume so tranbest boar in the neighborhood. Take quil that he confessed his manifold ofthe best rare of them, and let ingenuifenses and died, according to the tale, ty be your guide In the construction of with It serins calm resignation. kiud. of whatever Feed freely shelter nmn lost conthe that more likely and at regular hours. Never carry sciousness owing to the horrible tormare than you can feed liberally. ture Inflicted. i j : ; phy-lans- var-tak- en ; j uf j ld j melo-oyst- er j dls-du- cc j Far-inel- ! Fan-inel- eirn-tinu- ed lVv-s-sart- rcli-'v-e- r la half-starve- d. Ill-br- ed e maAnother revival of an terial Is the rage for rorded and replied silks. These romc in ordinary, medium and extm heavy ottoman corda, In black and evety known shade. old-tim- A Fiiur-Hasse- ft think ray play win 1 want a make a hit. Manager-B- ut play that will make a run. Playwright- -1 |