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Show LEHI FREE PBESS, LEW, UTAH SEEN and HEARD around tfie y t& NATIONAL CAPITALA t-By Carter Field CORRESPONDENT FAMOUS WASHINGTON Decision to make loans on cotton, plus the bonus to those agreeing in advance to go along with next year's reduction in acreage program to be provided in the special legislation on which President Roosevelt now has the congressional leaders on promises marks the beginning of the end of cotton growing in the southeastern states. The point is very simple. At present 60 per cent of the cotton crop of the United States, on the average, is exported. Which means that it is sold, naturally, in competition with cotton from all other parts of the world. During the last six years especially, though there were beginnings before that, Brazil has been increasing its cotton production by leaps and bounds. Brazil can sell cotton at a profit at six cents, American money, a pound. During the period of expan-eiothe world price has been held, largely through American efforts, at above ten cents. During the first year or two it was the Hoover farm board which artificially maintained the world price of the staple. Before the shrewd speculators had bought up huge stocks of cotton at the low early depression figures, and reaped a harvest when government efforts put the price up. Just as the Soviet government obtained an enormous price for its bumper wheat crop, also in the Hoover farm board days, by the simple expedient of concealing the fact that Russia had a lot of wheat to sell, and selling it short in American markets incidentally to the farm board and delivering the actual later instead of covering, as Arthur M. Hyde, then secretary of agriculture, expected. In each year of AAA reduction-follow- ing the farm board period, it can be ascertained from official figures the curtailment of American was almost exports precisely matched by increased production in the rest of the world. This was not a coincidence. It did not just happen. The world wanted the cotton and bought it elsewhere. It would have bought the cotton from the United States if we had produced it. Our own failure to produce it encouraged the producers of other countries. ' Washington. nine-ce- nt hog-tie- d n Brazil Takes Lead Brazil led thus parade, but there were many other foreign countries participating, including even the new Japanese puppet state m North China. Remembering this price at which Brazil can afford to sell cotton at a profit, the fact seems to be and this based on our own government figures that only two states in the Union can compete with such low cost production. These states are Texas and Oklahoma, and there would be plenty of wails from them if the price drops six-ce- nt that low. All of which points to the eventual retiring of all the southern states east of the Mississippi from cotton production, since it is only a matter of time when the export of cotton will be virtually impossible economically. This may prove a blessing. In Georgia there is a monument to the cotton in a certain county seat. That county was forced by the weevil to turn from cotton to other crops, including peanuts, and as an unexpected result the county flourished as it had never done before. So that it is not impossible that the entire South, from North Carolina to Louisiana and Arkansas, "nay be enormously benefited when that section stops raising cotton and turns to other crops. But no one who is really responsible for what is about to take place is planning any such consummation! boll-weev- il Seeking Motive Many critics of the Roosevelt ad- ministration and the New Deal generally have been critical of both because of the attitude of the powers that be against Andrew W. Mellon. Since his death there have been more vocal demonstrations of this than usual more seeking for the "motive" that inspired the attacks. Most of the ascribed explanations miss the truth by a mile. First, there was nothing personal in it. Second, there was no particular desire to discredit the Hoover administration. This last may sound fantastic, but the simple truth is that if James A. Farley and Charles could have accomplished just what they wanted by propaganda directed to Republicans last year, they would have nominated Herbert C. Hoover instead of Gov. Alfred M. Landon at Cleveland. This of course refers to their attitude at the time untinctured with hindsight as the situation is viewed now. As a matter of fact, several important Democratic chieftains took one very concrete step, shortly after Christmas, 1935, to aid in the nomination of Hoover by the Republicans. They supplied a certain Deal newspaper strongly man with ample funds, and instruct Mich-elso- pro-Ne- n will japan S I m)im Mv) "T if V An J D Tombstone PHOENIX, Inscriptj,, ARIZ.-- A; tor iv en me sie through a cemetery thaP rat ed in proud mausole ttu -, i v: v: v. tin stately shafts. ' t Ol I figured he warred to that rich folks continue tott utmost luxury even after becoming Be ei fi kii en de- ceased. mil wh How futile and how vain are most tombstone inscrir tions. They give the dates of birth and iZSi ; ; 1 Ys K fl 4 American virtues particularly getting out of debt. Mellon's great claim to fame will always be that he paid off $9,000,000,000 of federal debt in ten years as secretary of the treasury paid it off much faster than congress wished by the simple device of fooling congress every year about expected receipts. Even more damning, Mellon stood in the public mind for the theory that reduction of taxes on big incomes and corporations results not in less but in more money for the Treasury. In a way, he proved it. This is controversial. The answer is made that he was able to do both things because there was a rising tide of prosperity which never turned from flood to ebb until the last fiscal year with which he was concerned. There is a rising tide of prosperity right now in this country. Everyone has been fairly sure for several years now that it was en route. But there is no pursuit of the Mellon doctrine of paying off one's debts during good years so that when the bad years come there will be, so to speak, an ace in the hole in the form of a huge, unexhausted credit. Harry L. Hopkins is perhaps the frankest of New Dealers about fiscal matters. He contends that there must always be huge relief expenditures, and that the government must have the courage to take in taxes from those who have to finance them. But, it was figured quite a long time back in this administration, the Mellon doctrine must be destroyed and discredited to make anything like this possible. That's the real reason for the smear Mellon campaign. Expect Big Show Official Washington can hardly wait to see the show expected when Justice Hugo L. Black, former senator from Alabama, begins to function. The waggish comment to wait "until the eight old men" give him a dinner of welcome illustrates one angle of the interest. But that is just the human, impish angle. The serious angle is whether the new justice will continue as a ruthless New Dealer, or whether he will, as some lawyers around Washington have put it, have a "rush of law to the head." There is another angle which may be found by studying the life and works of some of the great liberal justices, notably Oliver Wendell Holmes, Louis D. Brandeis and Benjamin N. Cardozo. It is the difference between talking for the under dog and acting for the under V t Mellon a legend rerjresented which had to be destroyed, from the New Deal standpoint Mellon stood, in a way, for all the old, thrifty Ur Ho w bf ai pi it death events in neither of which the WW . -. wV r- - v?. Tt i4 departed had 9TJ DI any tie unless he committed suicide. And just as the av- Irvii erage eraveslde eu logy is a belated plea for the offered after the evidence: so an epitaph is an adver. for a line of goods whitf nently has been discontica Somehow this burying stuff reminds me of hired other men's efforts. Thei between professional book ers and the other obituariaj the latter do their work i pass on, but the review wait until you're dead to r literary death notice for yt Maybe critics are to autk fleas were to David Hanc they keep authors from brs being authors. say-s- o BP H Ifl Idl c .w W ""vV iL-,- t4 Chinese gunners (left) are fighting for the first time in an army which has the unified support of the nation. It is this nationalism the Japanese army (right) must smash if they would conquer their ancient neighbor. By WILLIAM C. UTLEY Japan really conquer China? You can hear this posed almost wherever you find groups discussing the hostilities in the Far East. And the answer usually provided is that no nation will ever conquer China, for China's hundreds of millions (so it is said) will eventually recon CAN quer an invader by absorption. T There are, according to the most modern of qualified oriental observ- ers, reasons why Japan may never conquer China, but this reason is not one of them. The chief reason is one which automatically denies this one. It is the bloom of Chinese nationalism, which appears to have flowered at last. China has been invaded periodically for a good many years. Perhaps because of the belief of Chinese political leaders in the nation's capacity for racial absorption, perhaps because of the inherent love of peace which characterizes the Chinese, China, even as late as a couple of years ago, was content to believe that she could eventually weather storms of Japanese invasion without fighting. The Japanese were quick to discover this, and began to believe that they could cut themselves larger and larger chunks of their neighbor's territory virtually without fighting. The attitudes of both sides were clearly demonstrated when the Japanese successfully invaded Manchuria in 1931, Jehol in 1932, eastern Hopei in 1933, Chahar in 1934 and 1935, and Suiyuan in 1936. The manner of these conquests was encouraged by the Chinese reluctance to fight back. Always a geographic frontier separated territories controlled by the Chinese from those controlled by the Japanese. "For the sake of peace," Japan would demand that the Chinese side of the frontier area be demilitarized. In the demilitarized zone it would not be long before what was termed a "popular autonomous movement" would spring up, and a government would be formed which was "friendly" to Japan; in a short time Japan would have quietly assumed political control of the area. No Unison Was Possible. So, a new geographic frontier would be created. Then the Japanese government would become annoyed at "provocation" by Chinese army units once more and a new demilitarized zone would have to be Soon this would beestablished. come an autonomous state, friendly time-honore- long-awaite- hard-hittin- are far from the same, as anyone who analyzes politics and economic conditions coldly will discover at once. The truth of course is that the embattled automobile workers in their various fights and in the fight to come with Henry Ford are not the under dogs of this country by any manner of calculation. The automobile workers were, as workers go, extremely even before the recent adjustments. They had higher pay and worked shorter hours than almost any other class of workers with equal skill. be-;- ng well-pai- d Must Work to Considering the length of training, and the responsibility required of the men in the five railroad brotherhoods, where a man has to work hrough quite a period before he can be a fireman, and then has to work usually for years before he gets a chance to be an engine driver, the automobile workers are very highly 1 tu am irmm'?Vi ' n Feat dog. The two things china? v:m, 0 Nipponese Invaders Face Different" Problem Than in the Past; Her Vast Neighbor Toilav Presents Unified Front. ed him to bet any newspaper man who differed with him in an argument that Hoover would be the Republican nominee. They further instructed him not to bother about odds, but to bet at even money if he could find any takers! The whole point was to put a doubt in the minds of the men writing Washington dispatches to newspapers all over the country about a possible Hoover comeback Frankly, the New Dealers at rfiat time thought they could beat any Republican, but they knew they could beat Hoover. So they wanted Hoover nominated. No, the motive in attacking Mellon was different, and more important, than any indirect means of smearing Hoover. Mellon' kvkh d d Japan. And so on, and so on, and so on. About the only serious resistance Japan encountered during these vasions was that offered by the inlo- cal troops of some Chinese war lord. Internal jealousies and conflict were such that no unified nationaf opposition was possible. It was this condition which provoked a high officer in the French Indo China army, paid indeed. in China, to declare that So it was rather maudlin to get traveling worked up about the underprivi- - three divisions of any crack Euroleged and downtrodden if you were pean army could conquer the whole thinking about the automobile work- - country and a single brigade could ers. This is no attempt to criticize police it thereafter. In this belief Japan concurred. mem, or wose in sympathy with them. That is not the point. There Was it not her custom to send out is plenty of room for argument as an expeditionary force of 20,000 to to whether they are getting a suf30,000 men, and quickly clean up ficiently large share of the profits the local Chinese unit of opposition of the business, or whether any with such despatch that no other to force war lord would be willing to send struggle is not worth wh-lcollective The only his men against them? It took only bargaining, point is that they are and have been a few Japanese divisions to chase anything but the under dogs of this 150,000 of the Chinese country's economic and social life troops out of Manchuria. One of 6 BrU Syndicate. WNU Srrrlc. the favorite military jokes of the j ' e best-equipp- Orient is about the time that Russian planes drove several crack Chinese divisions scurrying out of Bar-g- a by showering them with what? Bombs? Nothing so expensive! Merely cabbages! A few years ago a naval man would have told you that a few small gunboats could defend any river community from attack by a Chinese army. Chinese Change of Heart. Perhaps the Japanese still viewed the situation in that light when the incident around Marco Polo bridge touched off the present war. But not today! Within a short time it is expected Tokyo will have 400,000 men in the field. This change of heart was not brought about by fear of the Chinese air force, for the Japanese could make six of it. Nor by the crack German-trainedivisions recently heralded in the Chinese army for Japan has had little difficulty in defeating crack divisions in the past. It was brought about by a sudden change of heart among the Chinese themselves. China, almost overnight, has forgotten her thousand and one internecine struggles, or has postponed them until the important business of ridding the country of the hated invader is over. She is presenting a united front against the foe. Part of this nationalism springs from ancient racial pride, rooted in antiquity and synonymous with There is born into the Chinese a racial hatred for Japan. Large numbers of Japanese girls may marry Chinese husbands; but you will not find a Chinese girl marrying a Japanese. That is where the "racial absorption" theory falls apart. Onee Favored The second part of the Chinese nationalism is new and growing. It is the result of China's steady of modern ideas, her progress in education, social and economic. The new China knows that if she were left alone she would shortly develop into a modern state. Japan is well aware of this. It is no coincidence, the enlightened Chinese claim, that so many Japanese bombs fall upon universities and libraries, publishing houses and museums. and this new Chinese nationalism are therefore inseparable. Had the Japanese been less selfish in their policy of conquest, the Chinese spirit probably would not have been so thoroughly aroused. A certain faction there has been in China's recent past which has openly advocated with Jad m pan. lieved Dr. Sun Yat-se- n and his colleagues did. Kuo-minta- They be- that when China had been developed economically and disciplined socially by the Japanese, she could throw out the Japanese, as well as all the rest of the foreigners in the country, and reassert her dignity and independence. But this faction has had a chance to see the vassalage in which Japan has placed the conquered provinces, and China will have no more of it. Now for the first time the pro vincial war lords have seen the light enough to put the salvation of the nation above their own personal gains. It has become apparent to them that they are far better off under the national Chinese government than as puppet rulers controlled by Tokyo. They are even with ready and willing to the Chinese dicChiang tator whom most of them hate and at whose hands many of them have felt stinging defeat. It was only a few months ago that this truth became apparent to both Japan and China itself. That was when Chiang was kidnaped and held prisoner for a short time. Japan Sees Time Is Ripe. Throughout south China the provincial potentates whom Chiang had bested, who looked upon him in the light of a usurper, tyrant and traitor to the real doctrine of their beloved Sun Yat-seshouted as in one voice their furious demands for his release. Protests came with the same unison from the northern provinces, ordinarily inclined to regard Chiang as an insolent upstart. Now Chiang knew for the first time that if war with Japan were inevitable he could depend upon nationwide support, that internecine dissension would not crumble his cause. He began to listen more attentively to the demands for a unified front against Japan from the Chinese communists of the Northwest. And Japan's army may have decided that the occasion must immediately be made to stamp out this new Chinese rational unity. All of this sounds like the most optimistic picture for China in a long, long time, and probably it is. But China is yet hardly ready or, able to set back a real Japanese military invasion on a large scalr Japan's training and equipment are among the finest in the world. But what is even more important, Chi na's military command is woefully incompetent. Its strategy of war is almost entirely a strategy, and looks pitiful against that of the Japanese command, trained well and experienced in the science of combat. Against the Japanese tremendous mechanical superiority the Chinese have a great superiority in numbers. Their chief hope seems to lie in keeping the Japanese occupied over a large field of operations for a long time. Munitions Supply Problem. Therein lies Nippon's great vulnerability. For these operations cost vast sums of money. If all of China were to carry on against them the sort of guerilla warfare conducted by the communists of the Northwest, Japan would be a poverty-stricke- n nation ere long. But who can tell whether the Chinese army officers have the ability to use so large an army in this type of warfare? One of the principal difficulties in turning the Chinese army into many scattered guerilla bands to continually harass the Japanese would be that of supplying ammunitions .and armament. This would not be much of a problem if the 143 divisions of the Tegular army could succeed in holding the coastal defenses against Japan. Inland, China has many great arsenals capable of turnine out munitions, small arms, machine guns and trench mortars. If the Chinese elect to keep on fighting as they have in the early weeks of the war, it may be a contest to see which nation can endure impoverishment the longest. In that case, China, on her record, would appear in a fair way to win. Kai-she- k, rule-boo- k C Welrn Newapapet Union. e iao. ai Barracudi Catching T Ba EO CARILLO is "man when not PI quite i acting ,etii 6creen or leading parades.: champion parade leader. eo they don't dare let a a neral go past his house fort rush right out and head sion. On one of those days wh wasn't a parade, he tool Moore and me out on his caught a mess of slim, yet fish. Leo called them ba but, with their low retreat heads and greedy jaws, the more like shyster lawyers the kind who chase ambula eventually get disbarred. In ' he . 4m the to ni w th t Glad, Mad TJ ERETOFORE, ' w l le Iz ui st : t( , BC Artists. the & geniuses, who product in pieces of sculpture and which resemble nothing onl, - jh earth or in the waters belc ' ft Or possibly some bad drear these parties had once v. w A ing pretty bilious, have T among t' upon the ultra-ult- s gentsia for support. But now one hears diver: ti aires may endow for then ai demy or a gallery or p mors an asylum for the ti cases. Anyhow, there's r hind the cult, and when ns, H behind a thing in this cc v usually flourishes, prov: 6 fa money doesn't get too of as happened in 1929, whet th of the country was trying out what had become of tht e and investments, which B sucker class, had entrusts rr leading financial wizards. Dl Still, we of that same u do not havet. amples of this new schoool L even have to look at tht T we're in Germany and arc dis: to the official state-ru- n hi regiment of Nazi storm-tSI And, aside from their te what constitutes art, it's tl some of the artists them? not really dangerous, men lng in an itchy sort of other words, they're all U don't get one of 'em on yo. - i , w mass-group o v I'M Pugilistic r Authors ALWAYS missing tc s a On the occasion of one' toric battle between a bn tinguished writers, I yaw" the scene before Messrs Lewis and Theodore Dr( ar swapping hard words blows. soft swapping lucfc And it was just myErnes'- n . W U P .. V here recently when way threw a book or ma's: a publisher; anyhow hard, knobby object at Eastman and Mr. Eastir. ed with a tremendo is pi damaged Mr. Hemimiwaj The typical writer, no bis style may all his wallops in his pen. in his fist. There have t' tions. Once Rex Beach c a night club all by h'rnse opponents were hoo.!!urW . ti .p B ., rr 4. tl ff U h red-blood- . N f. j h tl j s E ? He had sortf stantial to work on. Some of my bclliperen low-writer- , s. ne the writing game o. argument, but, on the 'r none of them ever Neither did their literary1 In fact, next to the avera sional pugilist, I can thim cornt who, in the heat of sue a writer for showing when cent In self-contr- ol ther to inflicting person sustaining same. IKVIN WNU St rvlc t! ; ii it - .. ' . b v h j |