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Show I f LEHI FREE PRESS. LEHI. UTAH z World War Turned U. S. Into Saboteur's Utopia; Will It Happen Again? NATIONAL AFFAIRS ' By PARKER ELDRIDGE v Revitwtd by CARTER FIELD - - one effort was made to get the United States involved in a war with (Releaacd by Western Newspaper Union. YORK. There are Mexico. One chap, a Chicago school teachgood arguments for er named Frank Holt, alias Erich repeal of the embargo against Muenter, tried on July 2, 1915, to arms shipments to belligerents blow up the capitol buildine at in the European war. Maybe Washington. The next day he tried to mil j. Fierpont Morgan at his 'this is an argument to retain home in Glen Cove, Long Island. the embargo: Dumb Sent Home. Should the United States Many of the plots were strange try selling munitions abroad as fiction and were traced to the as in the World war, would highest diplomatic reDresentativoe VON PAPEN Now German amanother plague of terrorism of Austria and Germany. On Au raise havoc with our industrial pro- gust so, 1913, a sensation was cre- bassador to Turkey, Capt. Franz ated by seizure and publication of von duction? Papen was recalled by the Reich on December 3, 1914, upon files from Searching newspaper the 1914-1- 6 period, history students the United States' request for "imfind that America's attempt to aid proper activities in military and Great Britain and France in their naval matters." last war brought a rash of general industry and other related activisabotage, the responsibility for ties." Propaganda and subornation which was usually placed on the Cenof American writers and lecturers tral Powers' doorstep. was also financed by the "agency," Reads Like Fiction. it was alleged. In the 32 months while America Recall 'Black Tom' Case. tried with one hand to remain neuIn 1917, while pro-wsentiment tral and with the other to help her was mounting swiftly in the face of European friends, there were scores of munition plant explosions, atrepeated bombings, two west coast German consulate officials were tempts wer, made to dynamite convicted of conspiring to injure trains and bridges, spy plots were American shipping, railroad trains, uncovered almost daily (often snarVON IGEL On April 19, 1916, bridges and munitions. ing folks in high places), assassinations were attempted and at least the United States government That same on seized papers of Wolf von Igel, occurred two year, g January 12, exploformer secretary to von Pa pen. sions. At Kingsland, N. J., a muThe state department later said the nitions plant of the Canadian Car papers disclosed a spy system & Foundry company was destroyed financing a bureau to stir up labor at a loss of $16,000,000. Nearby, at 0 troubles in munitions plants and t& Haskell, N. J., an explosion of pounds of powder in a duPont finance propaganda. plant was felt in four states. an official letter from Constantin The Kingsland explosion and destruction of ammunition trains at Dumba, ambassador from The letter disclosed he Black Tom, N. J., on July 30, 1916, I planned "to disorganize and hold up are stHI in the news. The latter for months, if not entirely prevent, sabotage killed four men and remanufacture of munitions in Beth- sulted in a loss of $45,000,000. Only r--i lehem, Pa., and the Middle West, this year a special United States which, in opinion of the German at- tribunal placed responsibility for tache, is of great importance and these explosions on Germany's amply outweighs expenditure of shoulders and demanded payment. money involved." Mexican Aid Sought. A few days later Ambassador In February, 1917, the United Dumba recalled and the gov- States published a note from GerJ ernment was began investigating the un- man Foreign Secretary Zimmer-man-n j ; named "German attache." In Deproposing a German-Mexica- n ' cember Germany was asked to realliance for which Mexico would be call Capt. Franz von Papen (now paid by annexation of southwestern W- - a high Nazi and ambassador to Rus- American states. It was later refor "im- vealed that many German spies sia) and Captain Boy-Eproper activities in military and na- - headquartered in Mexico and that tt. I DUMB A Cnnxtantin T. Tinmhn. vaii mauers. ii both the Black Tom and Kingsland ambassador to .. Within a few months some inter- explosions may have been plotted the United States, whose recall was esting data was collected concern- there. The year 1915 was a banner one Captain von Papen. The govRemanded by President Wilson ing ernment seized Wolf of von for the saboteurs. Explosions were papers after seizure of a letter he wrote, to von Papen almost a daily event. At least 21 former Igel, secretary to "disorganize in a New York disclosing plans "advertising office." were recorded during the year. In t . . manufacture of munitions . , , Later the state department said a period of three months the duPont the German these papers disclosed maintenance which, in opinion of plant at Carney's Point, N. J., sufattache, is of great importance and of a spy system and the financing of fered three explosions which deamply outweighs expenditure of a spy system to stir up labor trou- stroyed a mixing house, stillhouse bles in munitions plants, "the bomb and two other buildings. 'money involved." XT' NEW ar history-makin- 400,-00- Austria-Hungar- T X y. J d, 'Austria-Hungary- 's comArnold's plicates profiteering problem . . . United States facing big decline in exports . . . Little attention is being given to the problem of imports . . . American ships barred, under neutrality act, from trading with British ports. . trust-bustin- g WASHINGTON. Thurman W. Arg proclivinold, and his ties, are a problem not only for business men worried about what to do in the war emergency, but to certain other officials of the government. The whole question revolves around the fixing of prices. The government as a whole, from trust-bustin- President Roosevelt down, is determined that there shall not be profiteering, either at the expense the belligerents or of the American consumers. There is no disagreement about that, and, to be fair about it, there is no important dissent by most of the manufacturers and retailers represented in Washington through their trade groups. The business men say that they cannot control rise in cost of the raw materials, or of labor, but they have no desire to push prices higher than these two elements of expense require. ' They are remembering the deflation that followed the last war. But when it comes to how to prevent unreasonable advances in cost, Old Man Worry walks in the door. There are two obvious ways to accomplish it. One would be by government price fixing, as was done, in part, by the Lever act in the last war. Chief objection to this, strangely enough, comes not from the business men involved, though they don't like government price fixing, but from the government. Few on the government side who remember how the Lever act worked last time would be willing to risk it again. Would Permit Business to Reach Price Agreements The other solution would be to permit business itself to reach price agreements in its various lines. That appeals to the business men, naturally. It also appeals to some of the administration executives, especially in the department of commerce. But not to Mr. Arnold. In fact, the department of justice is waving the big stick on prosecutions as never before, threatening to prosecute all and sundry. Arnold gets a lot of publicity for his speeches and his gestures against "combinations in restraint of trade." There is perfectly good legal precedent in high court decisions that it is just as contrary to the letter and spirit of the laws for competitors to agree to reduce prices as it is for them to agree to raise prices. There is more logic in this, incidentally, than sounds possible if one is thinking only about the problem which now confronts the government the prevention of profiteering. But when the law was framed its designers also had another practice in mind which was, at that time, very much in the public mind with regard to the alleged practices of the wicked monopolies. . The problem remains, however, how to regulate without anyone doing the regulating, and especially not the folks regulated! United States Faring Big Decline in Exports Our European competitors for South American trade have left American manufacturers a market crying for wares, but without much of the wherewithal to pay for them. And the European market for many of our products has dried up because of the war. Take the automobile makers, for example. They find that their market in Scandinavia, which was pretty good, has disappeared, to all practical purposes, because of the shortage of gasoline. Rigorous restrictions on the use of gasoline have played havoc with practically every corner of Europe, with Australia, South Africa and many other parts of the world. It is not a question of world shortage of gasoline, or of war demands for this precious fluid. It is purely, so far, a question of ships to carry the gasoline to would-b- e purchasers. The worst phase of this is that there is no silver lining to the cloud There is no prospect of the world having enough shipping again until after the war is over, and perhaps for some little time after that. Ships are being destroyed at a prodigious rate. Britain hopes to surmount this difficulty by convoys, but it is a real optimist who figures that there will be convoys to get gasoline to Sweden, Norway and Denmark. It would not suit the purposes of the h high command to have an ample supply of gasoline so close to Germany anyhow. Some of it might States merchant trickle through in response to Ger- United, our ships are to be barred marine i man demands. from the rest of the world. Besides, there is real fear, though Bell Syndlcte-Wof Latin-America- anti-tru- WOE Food Goes Up, but Not Farm Prices; Here's Why, Says One Market Boss It's not the middleman nor the selfish consumer who j forces the American farmer to accept a pauper's profit on the produce from his land. j Blame it on the "dead end" NEW YORK. agriculture, the typical metropolitan market place g fruits where of ii p. swift-movin- and vegetables run against a stonewall of waste, confusion and spoil- age, j at least, is the opinion of William-- ' Fellowes Morean Jr.. New That, T&f i 1$ 4 ir Yerk city's commissioner "of mar- kets, who's tryfng to "forge an alliance between the man with the plow and the woman with the mar- ket basket." Writing in the current issue of Country Home magazine, Morgan places the hot poker of distribution waste firmly against metropolitan markets. It's not a deliberate plot that causes the farmer to get back as little as 15 cents from the consumer's grocery dollar, he says. It's simply that city markets throughout the country are "illy equipped, dogged up and handicapped with wasteful practices which cost millions of dollars yearly." New, York Guides Food Prices. Disoussing New York, which annually buys a billion dollars' worth of fresh food, enough milk to keep the navy afloat and enough fruits and vegetables to sink it, Morgan points out that market quotations throughout the nation are affected directly or indirectly by the daily Manhattan quotations. New York will remain exorprices, in turn, bottleneck of ineffthe until bitant icient handling is transformed into a market system. g "I have wandered amidst the midnight uproar on our 'Hudson river waterfront, watching the goods arrive. I have followed crates, boxes and barrels from boats, trucks and smooth-workin- CONGESTION New York produce being trundled through business streets while the city sleeps. Better distribution methods would speed the process, cutting costs at a profit to both farmer and consumer. freight cars until they rolled into the thunderous traffic snarls of West street. I have watched buyers and sellers, truckmen and wagon drivers, and freight handlers of every kind running over one another, like folks trying to get out of a burning grandstand at a county fair. I have seen men lug crates on their backs for blocks . . . because they could find no room to park their vehicles at the places where the goods were unloaded." Manhattan Reforms. New York has made a start in solving the problem with its new Bronx terminal, a model market which other cities may soon be copying because Manhattan's confusion is duplicated in most other large population centers. New York has also taken market peddlers off the streets and placed them in centers where stall rents are kept at a minimum. Market gangsters, like the famous "artichoke king" who once controlled New York sale of this vegetable and made a handsome profit, are being eliminated. The city also has Mrs. Frances Foley Gannon, who goes on the radio every morning to tell housewives about market conditions. If a certain item is plentiful, yet the price stays high, she tells them. Within a few hours grocers are being asked embarrassing questions. Mr. Morgan is trying to start a nation-wid- e campaign against inefficient metropolitan markets. He wants both the farmer and consumer to howl. "Lower retail prices are a consummation devoutly to be wished by both," he says. "They would mean more consumption. More consumption means fewer surpluses. And fewer surpluses would mean an increased farm income." st n . anti-tru- EVERYBODTS the submarine extermination batUe planes may go welL that bombing will also be a menace to shipping, neutral as well as vessels flying belligerent flags. So the American auto makers are figuring on foregoing all foreign markets where the trouble with selling new cars is that there is nothing to put into their gas tanks. South America Is Also A Discouraging Market But that is only part of the bad export picture for the motor companies. There is no gasoline shortage in South America. At any rate it would be comparatively easy to supply any of the South American countries with oil. Tugs and barges could do the trick if necessary. But South America is almost as discouraging a market at the moment as Europe. The trouble there is exchange. Most of the countries south of the Rio Grande were caught by the outbreak of the war with a lot of bad debts from Germany. The Nazis had been taking their exports, in considerable volume, paying for them with blocked marks marks which could be spent only in Germany. It is not just a question of losing the money, temporarily or permanently. One has to see why Latin America was willing to indulge in this form of barter to realize how serious it is now. The reason was that the countries to the south of us did not have the cash to pay for goods they were buying from Germany. They had to pay for them with exports. The United States was just as good a place for them to buy, if they had had the money. But they didn't, and their credit in this country was very poor because of those defaulted bonds and their own restrictions on exchange. Now they are worse off than they were before, having parted with huge amounts of exports for which they have received no payment, their normal export markets cut off so far as central Europe is concerned, Britain buying only necessities. Then there is great difficulty in increasing exports to the United States to pay for what they want. An increase of United States imports of products would solve the problem. Little Attention Is Given To Problem of Imports So much attention is being given to the alleged war possibilities of the neutrality battle in the senate, and so much oratory is centered on the export of arms, that very little attention is being given to imports. Yet imports are of the essence so far as American trade and American business are concerned. Before the first World war the United States exported more than she imported. That was sound, then, because the United States actually owed money, and the excess of exports over imports paid the interest on that debt. (This was mostly in the form of foreign holdings of United States stocks and bonds, but il works out the same way.) Today the world owes the United States, even if one eliminates the debts that we suspect will never be paid. So the United States, to maintain a sound equilibrium, should import a little more than it exports, so that the foreigners can pay us the interest, at least, on the debt they owe us. That is part of the picture. The idea of building up a United States merchant marine is another part. Many people under the pressure of more exciting events regard these two as academic. But there is a third phase. How are we going to get imports that we actually need brought to us. By its mandatory provisions preventing American ships from carrying cargo to belligerents, the pending bill virtually hands over to foreign shipping all transport to French and British territory. This means not only exports but imports as well. Bars American Ships From Trading With British Ports Curiously enough, the original agreement provided that British ships should haul half the cotton and half the rubber. This was changed, later, at the request of the British, so that now the agreement provides that all the cotton is to be hauled in British ships, and all the rubber in United States bottoms. But the neutrality act would bar United States ships from trading with the British ports in the East from which the rubber is exported! Moreover, the bill has plenty of teeth, if no change is made to recognize these practical conditions For instance, an American ship stopping at Singapore for rubber, or for wool, would make her Sidney owners liable to a fine of $50,000, not to mention imprisonment for up to five years! The tragic part of it all is in recent years, after decades that of stupid bungling and terrific waste of money and effort, the United States had really been building up a merchant marine. Moreover add.tional ships are under cons?, ion or contract Regardless Sw trade with Latin America of is remembering course all British and French sessions m that part of the this bill if enacted in its present form- -it will net be sufficient st - Z-velop- V wS British-Frenc- NU X Service.) Buckram and Tacl To Stiffen Val By ECTH WYETH speaj, &ive me a tft.' your Book 3 and I can t what a transformation is bv place in my home becausr For a long time I have warnl ing room curtains with snl? fitted valances stiffened6 buckram. Could you give me p directions for ' by-ste- them?" A four-inc- mafc5ti valance h shelf- - ' k ram and thumbtacks are the -extras needed. 1 : Cut the J S ; ",T ' mmmmmmmimSX WLSMy j ram the exact size of the finisu I valance no seam allowances. Tt chintz for the valance and the fa. ing material are cut larger ask' dicated. 2: Outline the scalloa ' by drawing around the buckraa: 3: Stitch the chintz and faciw with right sides together, stm 4, 5, and 6: Trim the scallops' clip between them; then tuni and press. 7: Insert the buckram ; fitting it smoothly into the scallops. Turn in and stitch the inch to extend top; allowing above the buckram. 8: Tack thii soft edge to the shelf. NOTE: If you have had Ma Spears' books 1 and 2, you wil : want No. 3. It is full of new idea for homemakers, and step by step !. directions for making important pieces of furniture. Also newest styles and methods of making slip covers' and curtains. Original ; signs for rag rugs; gifts and bazaar items. Send 10 cents in coin with name and address to Ma Spears, 210 S. Desplaines St., Cde-- hicago, 111. HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONS Biscuit Pans. A shallow pan about one inch deep is the best use in baking biscuits; otherwise the biscuits will not brown evenly on all sides. to & HemMending Pillow Slips. J stitched pillow slips that are too I badly torn to mend neatly can' have the hem cut away and a' ; ' cot edge crocheted on. - Browned Potatoes. Before frcold potatoes slice them and well dredge with flour. This jiot only causes the potatoes to browi more quickly but improves flavor, ying on Carpet. To remove chewing gum from carpets, rub with an ice cube until the gum becomes brittle and cracks oft Carbon tetrachloride removes anj residue. .. Gum Electric Bulbs. Clean electric bulbs by covering with a paste made from cold water and carbonate of soda. Leave on for a time, then sponge with soapy water, rinse, and dry carefully. : ; c BggJOUS? Hera Is Antarlnff Relief of Conditions Out to Sluggish Bo well ... lit "' 1 1 ..Li. !, y HIP nuld. thorough, refreshing, invigoratu Pendable relief from nirk- - hndvlira. hiliow tired feeling when associated with cocrtiprtw from jm Without KI$K get a 25c box of NR test-tW druggist. Make the We u not delighted, return m the box to us. A.;. i8i'. ? s J reiuna the purchase price. That' f.L. Q NR Tablets today! Temptations Multiply He that labors may be tempts by one evil; but ne that is idle is tempted by a thousand. Italian Proverb. ?5i V itint'iiiVm'i Hmy Beckett.Mp.formerh. MpBeo Lomond.Oi'" Give a Thought to MftUZ STIIEST For, in our town . . . nd towns like ouri clear across the country . . there's t steady revolution going on. Changes in dress style and food prices the rise of hat crown . . .the fall of furniture prices-tbe- se matters vitally AnrlrhertCWl affert An. living is ably covered in advertisements- Smart people who like to be O rf" JJ in living W ....... i . I t 'I .tlC. uiri-nevenis, ioiiow ft nients as closely as htadlincs. They know what's doing in 8 America . . . and they also know u wncre money buys most) ... su' . I. |