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Show a LEHI FREE PRESS. LEHI. UTAH 'Dime Thriller of World War Sabotage NATIONAL Again Makes News, but Nazis Object AFFAIRS Reviewed by CARTER FIELD Kingsland Explosions Laid at Black Tom, is away noying to Mew Dealers; they want an investigation . . . Recent opjxtsition to some of the President's jwlicies indicates that congress has got back to normal. IPS City way. Suddenly more something came from Jersey City. A ghastly detonation thundered across the Hudson river. Flames seared the sky. Lower New York rocked and a million dollars' worth of glass splintered and showered the cavernous streets. - that moment 250 car- conloads of ammunition in allied for troops signed Europe were blown sky high from the sprawling "Black Tom" pier of the Lehigh Valley railroad. It looked like sabotage. Six months later, on January 11, 1917, workmen were rushing completion of a $15,000,000 shell order lor Russia at the Canadian Car & Foundry munitions plant. Kings-lanN. J. Fellow laborers saw Theodore Wozniak beating at flames then reach round his lor a pail of liquid which only stimulated the blaze. Within five minutes the Kingsland plant was an inferno and Bhells meant for Austri-an- s and Germans were rocketing Into New Jersey's peaceful skies. This, too, looked like sabotage. Last June 15, almost 23 years after the Black Tom scare, a mixed claims commission decided it indeed was sabotage, but the decision was largely American-madAfter 18 years of regotiations, featured by one reversed decision after another, by etory-boospy tales and international intrigue, the German representation walked out just before Justice Owen J. Roberts of the United States Supreme court refereed that the Nazi government was liable for nearly $55,000,000 damages. As early as 1924 the German government offered $18,000,000 in settlement, in itself an admission that the Kaiser's saboteurs had been ren sponsible. But the real story of these ghastly explosions comes to light in testimony before the mixed claims commission. A few minutes after Black Tom exploded a workman named Michael Kristoff was overheard crying: "What have I done? What have I done!" Following him, police and secret service men discovered he had been employed by the Eagle Oil works, adjacent to Black Tom, three days before the explosion; also that he had quit unexpectedly without collecting his pay. For months aft- - SAHOT AGE'f This photo was taken a few hours after the first explosion on Black Tom pier, which uas followed throughout the night and following morning by intermittent explosions. Only four people were killed hut the damage ran into millions. er that secret agents followed Kris- which could be brought out under toff night and day, working beside heat. It covered several pages. him, tracing every clue that might Whenever Herrmann came to a connect him with the saboteurs. In name he would write a number like the end agents were satisfied of his 1755, the first digit being meaningguilt, yet convincing proof of his less but the last three referring to a connection with the German govern- page number where Hilken would find various letters perforated by ment was missing. Much the same thing happened in pins, thus spelling out the name. Wozniak's case after the Kingsland Part of the message read: "Have seen 1755 (Eckhardt). He explosion. Of his involvement agents were positive. Yet again they could is suspicious of me. Can't convince not link him with the Kaiser. There him I come from 1915 and 1794 was too much undercover spy work. and Nadolny, who were GerIn 1930 the claims commission deman army chiefs). Have told him cided against the United States. In all, references 2584 (Hinsch) and I, 1932 a petition for rehearing was 2384 (Deutschland submarine, which denied but in 1933 the case was was captured by the United States), again opened with revelations which 7595 (Jersey City terminal) 3106 upset earlier testimony of Freder(Kingsland) . . . etc." ick L. Herrmann, Brooklyn-borLater in the message Kristoff and German spy, and Paul L. G. Hilken Wozniak, alleged in of Baltimore, who had served as both the Black Tomconspirators and Kingsland paymaster for saboteurs during the explosions, were mentioned. war. This, the court thought, proved beHilken himself was responsible for yond the slightest doubt that there the new development. Searching his was official connection between the on Christmas day, 1930, he saboteurs and the German governattic claimed to have found a copy of ment. The only refutation came in Blue Book magazine for January, testimony by two brothers named 1917, which was subsequently introwho testified Qualters, bought duced as evidence with the follow- the magazine from a they New York ing story: bookstore in 1931, that they recogIn April, 1917, after the United nized certain marks they had made, States had entered the war as one and that the whole revelation was ' aftermath of the Black Tom and obviously a fraud. Chemists and Kingsland explosions, Herrmann and handwriting experts discredited other agents were in Mexico to plot their testimony, however, proving destruction of the Tampico oil fields that the pencil marks had not been which were supplying allied troops. made by the Qualters brothers, also The German minister, von that lemon juice would have prodoubted that Herrmann, Ad- duced a different reaction if placed am Siegel and Raoul Gerdts were on the paper after 1931. official representatives of Berlin. Three years ago at a hearing in Moreover the three spies were short Munich the Nazified German govof funds. ernment agreed to settle 153 AmeriTo get money and convince von can sabotage claims on a 50 per Eckhardt, Herrmann sent a message cent basis. In 1937 the whole story to Hilken at Baltimore, via Gerdts, was dragged out again when the reportedly concealed in the Blue German government decided not to The message it- ratify the agreement. Last spring, Book magazine. self was written in lemon juice when admissible evidence from the new revelations seemed to be going against the German government, its agent withdrew. Following the decision on June 15 the Nazi press stormed against the United States and took a "try and get it" attitude. The official attitude was that the Third Reich refuses to "recognize WASHINGTON.-Flu- sh with new the validity of this 'arbitration' and funds in a new fiscal year, Uncle reserves every right of action in this Sqm this month is embarking on respect." the largest aerial expansion proClaimants may still get about 50 gram in history, designed in the next few years to give the nation a super cent of their demands, however. On deposit in the United States perior fighting force and strategic aviation bases which will make the treasury are some $30,000,000 plus bonds issued in connection with the North American continent virtually case when Germany was a repubimpregnable from an enemy attack. lic. These securities are now worthend conof month the this By 2 less. Total damage in the Black tracts will probably be let for conTom explosion was placed at struction of 2,500 planes of 10 types, in the Kingsland case, to be followed by 3,000 more ships during the coming two years. AFantastic, thrilling as any dime lthough congressional appropriations are providing for only 5,500 planes, novel, the two sabotage tales are now apparently closed except to hisarmy officials hope mass production torians. will lower the cost sufficiently to (Keleascd by Western Newspaper Union.) permit an extra 500, or 6,000 in all. Though details of the expansion Brain Found to Control program are shrouded in official se, crecy, it is known that the 10 types Three Phases of Energy of planes are: light, primary, basic TR Latest addition to The all embracing law of energy and advanced training ships; two the AlER is that it runs in cycles, declares army air corps' training equipand bombers, one and now be- Joseph Jastrow in his article, "The two - engine interceptor pursuit ment is the Ryan XPT-16- . of Energies" appearplanes, multiplace fighters and ob- ing used by air forces of Guate- Storyin a Human recent issue of Hygeia. servation craft. Costs will range mala, Mexico and llomlitras. The ing Life is a series of rhythms. The from $5,000 or $10,000 for training plane seats pilot and instructor in energy cycle presents the three planes to $250,000 for the heavy tandem, open cockpits. phases of energizing, fatigue, and bombers, such as the present type venting any possible attack coming rest, rn the core of the brain is a "flying fortresses." from across the oceans either on the mechanism that sets your program To man the new ships a broadsurface or in the air. from the cradle to the grave. Day ened pilot training system is being Panama canal, for which $27,000,-00- 0 in and day out, with allowance Basic inaugurated. training will be has been must be for emergencies and holidays, that given at nine scattered aviation safeguarded toappropriated, the navy comgive portion of the brain has served you to the be cadets transferred plete freedom of movement from as schools, a monitor of the energy cycle. later to Randolph and Kelly fields, Atlantic to Pacific, thereby Conditioning the energy cycle is Texas, for advanced training. About attack from either direction.stopping Puerto chemical traffic system called a and 18,000 mechanics 2,000 pilots Rico fortifications, added to the metabolism. The feelings of energy will be trained during the next two present American naval base at and fatigue set up the go, caution fit To secure candidates, an Guatanomo, Cuba, will years. enlistment campaign has been start- Carribean sea a virtual make of the and stop signs. The body needs "American more than rest to keep it going; ed to sign up 112,000 men from 18 to lake" from which invaders could it also needs food. Stoking goes on 35 years old within the next 12 easily be repelled. to supply nourishment; food is months. Present fortifications on the Pa- metabolized into energy. Many of these men will ultimately cific coast will be strengthened conIt is true that muscles tire and be stationed at new military and siderably if Hawaii is made into a that nerve fibers do not, any more air bases in tropical Puerto Rico, "bulwark for defense." ftiasfcan than do the wires of an electric cirHawaii, Panama and Alaska, to be bases are planned because hostile cuit over which the current runs. built under new congressional ap- forces holding that northern peninBut it is still truer that the entire The theory behind sula would be in a position to conis the focus of propriations. neuromuscular set-uthese locations is that our national duct air operations against vital fatigue; the nerve battery runs security will thus be insured by pre- - areas of continental United States. down. work-benc- h, (Ma-guer- re German- -American n e. k stranger-than-fictio- Eck-hard- t, New Year Brings New Money; Air Force Starts Expanding 0; 0. J n- four-engin- 17-to- contenders the Democratic for the presidential nomination . . . Polls are very an- By PETER BEARDSLEE It was 2 a. m., the morning of July 30, 1916. A watchman yawned into the night from ttop a New York skyscraper, cursing the heat that seemed to be drifting in from Jersey At hUs show Garner the most tomlar of Recent Germany's Door. e n p WASHINGTON. Friends of Vice President John Nance Garner are naturally delighted with the recent polls showing that Garner is far and away the most popular of the Democratic contenders for the presidential nomination next year, not counting President Roosevelt himself. His tremendous lead over New York's native son, James A. Farley, who runs second in the polls, with everybody else way down the list, is most impressive. There is one angle of this, however, which keeps the whole effect from being perfect, from the Garner men's viewpoint. That is the possibility that the effect of such polls will cause Farley to become a hundred per cent booster for a Roosevelt third term. That, to the Farley men, would be just about the most terrible thing that could happen. They are counting heavily on Big Jim in the next 10 months not to aid Garner directly, but to oppose Roosevelt and thus aid the Texas candidate indirectly. For some time now the Garner folks have admitted privately that their one big hurdle is Roosevelt himself, not the fear that he might support some candidate other than Garner that would not worry them at all but the fear that he might go after the nomination himself. They are sure they can beat anyone else at the Democratic convention. They think they can beat Roosevelt himself, but when they begin to talk about that there is a certain change in their manners which indicates that there is at least an element of doubt. Hence another phase of the recent polls, which would seem to indicate that, at the present moment, Roosevelt could not carry New York state against a strong Republican, is highly satisfactory to the Garner workers. Their chief fear about the delegates at the Democratic national convention is that they may believe that Roosevelt is the only Democrat who could possibly be elected. View Is Unwittingly Encouraged by Republicans Curiously enough this view is being given more encouragement, though unwittingly, by the Republicans than by the Roosevelt fanatics themselves. The point is that every time a Republican leader sounds off about the third term he creates the impression that the Republicans would rather have the Democrats nominate anyone else than Roosevelt. Hence the logical deduction that the Republicans believe they would live more difficulty beating Roosevelt than any other Democrat. To a man interested chiefly in party success as many of the delegates will be, because in the nature of things they are men either holding office or benefiting in some other way from Democratic rule at Washington ii. might become very important that the Republicans believe Roosevelt would be the hardest man to beat. It would give Roosevelt a strong ace in the hole in the convention maneuvering. The truth is that there is no such positive conviction among the Republicans, though there is enough fear that it is true to justify the suspicion. The Republicans have been concentrating on the term tradition because they have been believing rather firmly up to now that Roosevelt would be the Democratic nominee. Embarrass Advocates of Third Term for Roosevelt New Dealers are terribly annoyed over the recent polls, widely published throughout the country. The move to have a congressional investigation of such polls as to how they are taken, and particularly why they are taken was born some weeks before the recent poll of New York state, which has been more embarrassing to the advocates of a third term for Roosevelt than any one other thing that has happened, anywhere, any time, or on any subject. A very sound argument can be made against the polls, due to a queer characteristic of human nature. For some reason there are lots of people who like to be bandwagon riders. They want to be with the winner. This resulted in quite an outcry from the Democratic leaders back in 1916. It will be recalled that most of the eastern states, which reported fairly early on election night, went decisively for Charles E. Hughes. Democratic leaders contended that something should be done about this on the theory that on the Pacific coast people who had not yet voted would hear about how the East was going, and would be influenced. anti-thir- d To those of us who cling to our views and vote for candidates, even if we know they are going to lose, this is hard to understand, but there is no doubt that there is enough truth in it to make it important. There is another point. So far, the polls that are now so embarrassasing to New Dealers have been tonishingly correct. But there is no proving that sooner or later they will not come a terrific cropper. That has been the history of all other polls on elections which have attracted national attention. Up to 1916, for example, the polls taken by the old New York Herald were amazing in their accuracy. In that year, every Sunday for months before election, the Herald editors apologized to their readers because they had taken too large a percentage of their totals in California. As California was virtually two to one for Hughes as against Wcodrow Wilson, the editors explained, this improperly weighted their totals-mak- ing them appear too strong on the Hughes side. l'olls. Sooner or Later, Come a Terrific Cropper Most people have forgotten, but that is the explanation of why the eastern newspaper editors and political writers were so gullible about the early returns on that election night, when, as a matter of fact, newspapers of all shades of political opinion, including the New York Times, which was ardently for Wilson, conceded Hughes' election. That was the end of the Herald polls. Big newspapers began after that election sending their own correspondents over the country to investigate political situations. But then came the Literary Digest poll. Its accuracy was uncanny for years. In 1936, when every good political reporter began to suspect that there was something sour about it, the poll none the less had the effect of putting doubt in the minds even of the most optimistic New Dealers. In a subsequent magazine article Charles Michelson, shrewd director of New Deal publicity, admitted that he had spent a lot of money unnecessarily to combat the last minute tax attack of the G. O. P. forces. He expresses only scorn for the Literary Digest poll, but one wonders whether this expense would have been approved if there had not been a lingering fear that maybe the Digest poll was indicating a ground swell which somehow escaped investigators. The new polls are much more scientific, of course. Actions Tend to Put Doubt In the Minds of J'oters Congress has almost gotten back to normal after more than six years of following the leader. This has nothing to do with how much President Roosevelt succeeds in getting his way despite the critical tactics, first of the house, on the TVA question, and, second, of the senate, on the silver and devaluation questions. Every member of the house voting against the President on TVA, and every senator voting against him on silver and devaluation knew that these votes would hurt Mr. Roosevelt between now and next June when the Democratic Nationa convention will pick the party's nominee for President. The actions tend to put doubt in the minds of the voters as to whether the President is right on TVA, whether he is sound on the monetary questions. They will form the subject of crossroad store debates all next winter, from Maine to California, with the only possible result that the President will lose a certain percentage of his supporters. When the senate and house fight on such controversial issues it is almost beyond question that folks will be found, here and there, who will take the opposition side, no matter what the real merits of the case may be. Since the President figures to a dominating degree in the monetary disputes, and since his attitude on TVA is well known, the effect can only be harmful to him. Some of those supporting him up to these issues are almost bound to leave him. This is almost an inexorable political law. It has nothing to do with Mr. Roosevelt's virtues or failings. It proves nothing with respect to them. It is just a thing which always works. Despite His Hugo Majority Former Leaders Opposed Him This law works with especial rigor against a President who does a lot of things. Probably Calvin e suffered less from it than any President since the Civil war, but the chief accusation that critics bring against his record is that he was a "do nothing." Mr. Roosevelt has done a lot of things. Nearly every one of them went against the grain with some of his supporters, be they few or many. In 1936, despite his thumping majority, a number of distinguished former leaders of his party opposed him publicly. The thing is cumulative. Will H. Hays once said that the function of the Republican national committee was to "assimilate, not eliminate." The process under discussion here amounts to a series of eliminations. The whole point of this is that every politician of enough importance to have gotten elected to the house or the senate appreciates this political axiom. So the boys in the senate knew what they were doing when they made a spectacular stand against President Roosevelt. pay-envelo- Enchanted Cottago t Ti Decorate This Ouilt Ct R L M:W 3iL i B An I 'bos &L JS&WVf Pattern j Nat" reC 6384. j Quiltmaking's always fascii but think of the fun to be hc when it's an Enchanted Cottagi that decorates each block. Use l your gayest scraps for the sirr.p': patch that forms the house. Df the shrubbery in a plain niaten;J for effective contrast. FinhX wnn a dii oi ouinne suteh. Pa& tern 6384 contains the Block Chart carefully drawn pattern pieces! color schemes; directions foj maKing me quin; yardage illustration of quilt. To obtain this pattern send cents in coins to The Sewirf circie, nousenoia atis Dept., 2ti W. 14th St., New York mg I Watering Flowers TF WE would have the floweri of love blossom around us must plentifully water them witi the rain of appreciative words! and encourage them with the sunl beams of sympathy. If the world is to find the richest treasures of genius and talent it must learn to have a sympathetic iaun. nengion is noi oniy xn$ most powerful, but it is the most I delicate of the influences tha touch us; and that divine influence f cannot thrive and increase withf in us, to warm and inspire thf life, without it is nurtured bv oui The best I 'eciation. 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