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Show LFHI FREE PRESS. LEHI. ITAH watal transport of vegetables, dates, mar- Hwang Ho Called 'Cliina's Sorrow' by National Gforrapbie SocietT military Japanese have advanced in Jehol. bringing the upper Hwang Ho or Yellow river of China closer to international complications, life on the tortuous stream has gone on in its own Inimitable way. The Hwang Ho is one of the most Its extraordinary rivers of the world. Chidisastrous flooding has cost the nese millions of lives and millions In wealth through the destruction of honifS and farm lauds, and because f this It has earned such titles as China's Sorrow," the "Ungovernable," and the "Scourge of the Sons of Han." At times It has changed Its course over as much as 200 miles in a single flooding season. Today it empties the Yellow sea north of the Shandetung peninsula, but before 1S52 It loess-ladewaters through bouched its a channel south of that peninsula. It is the second largest river In China, yet in all Its course, from its headwaters, high up in the Kunlun e range, in Tibet, all along its path to the sea. It is not navigable for steamships or other deep-dracraft Its course is alternately either too swift and broken by turbulent rapids or widens and becomes too shallow and filled with sand bars to allow the use of large boats. But over some 700 miles of Its course, as It winds through Kansu Province and along the edge of Inner Mongolia, from Sinlng to Paotow. plies an Interesting raft traffic that has been carried on for centuries. Chinese literature confirms the fact that here the earlier Sons of Han 2,000 years ago were using sheepskin and oxhide rafts Identical with those which one finds In use today. There are two types of rafts, one using as buoys Inflated sheepskins and the other large oxhides which are stuffed with wool and then tied The up to keep them water-tigh- t. sheepskin rafts vary in size, according to the use for which they are Intended, ranging from as few as 12 or rafts to 15 skins on the small as many as 500 In the large freight rafts. For the large oxhide rafts some 120 hides are used. Before being used, the raw oxhides are treated on the Inside with salt and oil to preserve and waterproof them as well as keep them flexible. WHILE v. r J 'j It in-,- o n Si ririirn -- m The Faith & That Life Is Stronger & Than Death 3N A spirit of solemn festival Is celebrated, commemorating to all Christians the miracle and Its mystery of Christ's resurrection. season in the Northern hemisphere Is the springtime of nature's rebirth, a perennial drama of life arising anew from the death and darkness of winter. The story of Scripture and the visible wonder of the earth's transfiguration tell alike of the triumph of life over death, of hope's victory over despair, of the dawn that ends the night of doubt and waiting. Easter is a Christian festival, but all nations and peoples from ancient times have acknowledged the symbolic significance of the coming of spring. Easter Itself Is linked to forgotten ceremonies by which the sun was welcomed and the earth rededlcated to beauty and fruitfulness. This was always a mystery; it Is still a mystery and a marvel, though man has learned a little knowledge and has made the seasons his servants. The flower that springs from the seed, the glory of green that sweeps the hills In springtime are manifest miracles. They fortify and Justify the faith of those who believe that on Easter morning a stone was rolled away from a sepurcher In Palestine add death was found vanquished in the Resurrection. In the simple words that tell of the earliest Easter, there is evident the wonder of Its witnesses and the joy with which they found their hopes come true. For in the dark hours of Gethsemane and Golgotha all seemed lost save an promise of resurrection, and hope alone was left to warm the heart of faith and give It courage. But the promise wos kept and hope was Justified, and the miracle of Easter morning became the cornerstone of Christian faith and doc- trine. ''i1' In a more ancient story, written when no legend lacked a meaning, fcope was the last gift of the gods to evils and sor. a world infested with rows. And hope might have died and Vsft the world desolate were it not for the promises made and kept with every cycle of the seasons. These have nourished in all ages the faith which is "the assurance of things hoped for, the proving of things not seen." They have taught men to work and wait and trust in the future, to keep courage through darkness and doubt, to seek for new life and happiness, even in the presence of suffering and death. It has been said that the times have taught us again the value of faith and the need for it If this is so, then this year's Easter will be widely observed in serious and thoughtful spirit. For these are times of doubt and dis-- . couragement and hope Itself Is weary of waiting for light and leading. The modern man Is perplexed with many problems, but those that tench him closest are old as humanity itself. He seeks life's purpose and Its destiny. He is aware of his own bewilderment r mm and Observance of Lent Kdtherine H CdelmaiK A. OW joyful the music ol Easier it Lffing, $.".1 U nit promise ud hope lie in every glad , wain. la garden and woodland the songbirds are caSing, Spnng with its sunshine has come back again. All o( the gloom and the darkness of winter. All of its doubting, its dull, and its (ear. Hat vanished, and now over meadow and mountain r' I r'v. Vistas of wonder and beauty appear. V Great beet are bursting with budt and with blossoms. Exquisite bluenett it tinting the ikies. All of the joy and the wonder of living Brushes the wings of each creature that flics. AO things unite to make Easter more lovely. To tell us that winter and tadneta are fled; AD things unite to pay homage and glory To One who in triumph hat come from the dead. How joyful the music of Easter it falling. All things of nature in unison tins. Death hat been conquered, the long night it ended,. I( Over the meadows the glad bdingt ring. And just at the darkness of winter it conquered, tu W So, too, the One that death held in thral Hat broken the fetters and come forth in glory, Bringing new promise and hope to us alL tV 4jr Ifl'foq "t553 and troubled by the sardonic certainty of death. Life makes him many promises and asks much of his energy and ambition, but grants no guarantees of peace or prosperity or happiness. And he wonders whether this Is all a sorry Jest, a pointless prank of fate, an incident of the restlessness of life upon a little planet, spinning aimlessly from nowhere into nothingness. The Christian finds' a sufficient on swer in the significance of Easter morning. The foundation of his faith Is the promise of resurrection and its supreme fulfillment In the risen Christ. Rut the question Is older thnn Christianity and Its answer as old as the everlasting hills and the seasons which visit them. Life Is stronger than death and Is forever renewed In Joy and loveliness. Darkness promises the dawn, winter gives way to spring and summer. The past may be forgotten: the future is worth waiting and working for. For every flower of spring declares that nature Is no pessimist and has kept her promises since the world begun. And man, who Is by birth a child of nature, may learn from this living lesson to deny his own doubts and keep his courage for the work before him. To Bring an Easter Smila In nowhern Europe, many peasants still greet on another with the cry, "Christ Is risen." The answer comes, "He Is risen, Indeed." Then colored F.aster eggs are exchanged. Sometimes Jokes are told to Induce an "Easter sin He." WHE forty days of Lent are re gardt'd as being kept after the example of Moses (Exodus '24:28) and Elijah (1 Kings, 19 :S), and above ail, as commemorating the fa.sting of Christ (Matthew, 4:'.'). The forty-dafast dates to the early Fourth century. Its origin Is obscure. In the early church the duration either was not fixed or it varied In the churches In different countries. But from the Fourth century the period of fasting seems to have approximated more or less closely In most places to y forty days, the fast being extended six or seven weeks, according as Sundays only or Saturdays and Sundays were excepted. According to the Catholic Encyclo pedia, St. Leo (who died In 401) ex horts his hearers to abstain that tbey tuny "fulfill with their fasts the apostolic Institution of the forty days." But the encyclopedia adds that mod em scholars are almost unanimous In rejecting this view, because the existing remains of the first three centuries show "considerable diversity of practice regarding the fast before Easter and also a gradual process of development In the matter of Its duration." "The passage of primary Importance," It resumes, "Is one quoted by Eusebius from a letter of St. Irenaeus to Tope Victor In connection with the Easter controversy. Irenaeus says there Is not only a controversy about the time of keeping Easter, but also regarding the preliminary fast 'For,' he continues, 'some think they ought to fast for one day, others for two days, and others for several, while others reckon forty hours both of day and night to their fast. "He also urges that this variety of usage Is of ancient date, which Imover plies that there could tradition on apostolic have, been no the subject . . . We may then "fairly conclude that Irenaeus about the year 190 knew nothing of any Easter fast of forty days. The same Inference must be drawn from the language of Tertullian only a few years later. . . . And there Is the same silence observable In all the fathers, though many had occasion to mention such an apostolic Institution If It had existed." Pope Nicholas, who served from 858 to 8C7, declared that abstinence on Friday was obligatory on all communicants of the Roman church. Friday corresponds to the day of the week on which Jesus was crucified, and many of the early Christians were already observing It as a weekly fast day ; that Is, a day on which they abstained from eating flesh meats. Fish being the principal nonfiesh meat, it accordingly became the favorite food for those days when flesh meats were forbidden. Also, the fish was one of the earliest symbols of Christianity. Cleveland I'lain Dealer. pre-XIce- The Law and "Whatsoever ye should do unto you, unto them ; tor this prophets." the Prophets would that men even so do ye also Is the law and the Easter, the Birth of Sunday ffi ASTER, by the derivation of its name, is intimately connected with the East, the point! It symbolizes for us the beginning of a new era, with death no longer a blank door closing upon human existence, opening upon only uncertainty or fear beyond; with sin no longer interposing a dense veil between mankind and an offended Creator. of a glorious summer, illumined by Instead, it tells of life as the Spring-timthe beauty of a gracious rather reconciled to mankind of death as but the entrance to a fuller life in another sphere. Sun issued from the garden tomb on Easter morning, A new since of the opened grave we have called the same first day of that and ever day made and week it a happy and should-bthe Sunday holy rest day as a weekly memorial of the most beneficent and most revolutionary event this earth has ever witnessed since upon it light was first made to shine. sun-risin- g e life-blessi- e 2,.r(K)-mil- ft Concerning the Origin J one-ma- r f 1 - 1 Air-Fille- n ' d p Keep Sheepskins Hwang Ho Raft Afloat. V? " $ This Raw hides cost about $10 In the local currency ($2.50 gold) and are considered about twice as valuable after they have been properly prepared. Consequently, the large freight rafts are often valued at as much as $000 gold, but the hides are useful as buoys for three years and are then sold in the Paotow market for shoe leather. Rafts Easily Made. g Is a comparatively easy task. To a simple framework of poles lashed securely together are fastened Even the the hides or sheepskins. stuffing of the hides with Tibetan wool Is a simple process, but when It comes to inflating 500 sheepskins on one raft before a voyage," that Is a Job ! Without doubt, the industrious raftsmen can make strong claim for the record In the windiest of all ship launchlngs ! The navigation of the rafts in the down-rive- r trade Is entirely In the hands of the Moslem Chinese, who form a considerable percentage of the population of the Kansu district. Life is not easy on the rafts, with all the contrasts of heat and cold and the strenuous labor Involved In manipulating the clumsy transports through the rapids or In freeing them, once they have stranded on a sand bar; but these hardy raftsmen are a happy and friendly lot The great. Irregular, portion of the course of the Hwang Ho through Kansu and Mongolia, over which the rafts operate. Is carved for a large part of the way through the extensive loess-plaiHere region. and In the Wei Valley, whose tributary waters are gathered unto the Hwang Ho about 40 miles west of Lanchow, was the cradle of the Chinese race; but thrpugh the centuries great quantities of loess, or sandy loam, have been blown across these lands, submerging numerous cities and making desert many wide areas which were once fertile farming districts. This yellow loess, carried In suspension In the water, has given the river and the Yellow sea their names. Today there are only a few fertile localities in the Hwang Ho valley, such as those around Lanchow and Nlngsla, These are Intensely cultivated oases that have been kept productive through Irrigation, and In their district raft carry on considerable to Raft-makln- American e Tortuous River Has Cost Millions of Lives and Millions in Wealth. rrDard termelons, and grain to the city freighting on kets. The U largely however. the large rafts, devi-teto transport of quantities i other produce wool, skins hides, and down to the of the Tibetan region railhead village and center caravan articles of of Paotow. wheLCe these Tientcommerce can be sent by rail to distribution find sin and ultimately to world markets. The majority of the large cargo some distance rafts start from Siulug. Ho. a tributhe on Sinlng upstream but to these tary of the Hwang Ho; cargo which are also added other caravan leaves from the Important on the center of Unchow, that lies China. between road" silk "old historic Turkestan, and the West Hard Work Up Stream. comThe rafts can be managed with downfloat as they parative ease and stream, but their great resistance It practically make their clumsiness upImpossible for them to be poled water. They In even quiet stream, are taken apart at the end of the back vovage and the skins are carried of departure. overland to the place In t!ie springtime, as soon as the which Ice has cleared from the river, of November end Is frozen from the to the beginning of March, the rafts are assembled. Oxhide buovs stuffed with wool no doubt originated through the scheme wool of crafty raftsmen to "bootleg" and thereby officials customs the past the auescape duty. Today, although thorities know that It will be sold at the end of the trip, the wool still rides on down to Paotow, escaping all on of the tolls and duties imposed the other cargo. the Cargoes loaded, farewells said, two of the first the on off rafts push each year. Journeys that are made wheels that line water They slip past the river banks, which are raising water to the thirsty fields In the Lanchow region; then past the city's walls, and under the only steel bridge that spans the river for many hundreds of miles. Some fifteen miles below Lanchow, where the village of Hslashultsu Is current perched on a rocky cliff, the to called are hands all is swift and man the large tillers, as the rafts head down through the granite gorge, where the river makes an abrupt cum and then follows a northwesterly course. All the way downstream to Chung-we- l the raftsmen must navigate Below through rapid after rapid. as it enwidens course the Chungwel ters the Ordos, and, except for the passage through the fertile district around Nlngsla, becomes a monotonous passage through desolate yellow wastes all the way to Paotow. Grilling Voyage. The great loop around the Ordol desert Is a slow, grilling voyage during the summer months, when tho sun throughout the day beats down relentlessly In a blinding glare on th water and on the shimmering sand banks. The raftsmen share the tasks of guiding the craft, repairing punctured skins, releasing the ungainly floats when stranded on sand bars, and cooking their meager meals on deck. After weeks on the way, everyone is glad when the rafts are brought safely to Paotow, the Journey's end. The caravan town sprawls on a hillside of sand, barren, some little distance from the river. Low, squat adobe and brick buildings line the narrow streets and winding alleys that find outlet through the guarded gateways of the rambling city walls. Caravansaries and homes are concealed behind closed gateways and high earthen walls. Here, in the bazaars and in the cases of itinerant venders, the raftsmen find many oddments of western produce for which they can bargain to take back to their families. Trains, that come whistling out to this outpost, bring many things from Tientsin and Peiping marts that are not readily available farther inland. At last, when all of the cargoes have been turned over to the wool and hide merchants, the rafts are taken apart and the hides folded up and packed on donkeys or camels for the long journey home by caravan. d Heroines By LOUISE M. COMST0CK Ida Lewis F ENGLAND can point wit I to Grace Darling, the famous h? House girl." who in 184S rescued from a sinking vessel off UngtJ! lighthouse and made possible tht ing of two more. America can bona Ida Lewis, who saved twenty-twHtl! between 1SC7 and PJU4. Ida was born In 1841 at .Newr B. L When she was fifteen her ther, CapL Oosea Lewis, was ed keeper at Lime Rock ligutiuoj, In Newport harbor, and moved th with his family. Shortly afterw&nk the father having become a paralyrk the stalwart young daughter undertow to take uion herself some of hl it. ties, and thus became an able m woman, strong and fearless, capitis, of handling a small boat on high ten as well as any man. In the summer of 18.18, whea Ids, was seventeen, a small pleasure cr&ft ciossing the harbor capsized, upsetu four helpless passengers, nil men. Into the water. From her lighthouse tie Ida saw the situation and though thi day was a stormy one and the wgt beat furiously upon the shore, she launched her boat, sped across then ter, and rescued all four. When wort of her deed was brought to Governor Van Zandt. he would not credit It, d daring It impossible thai a mere jirl had undertaken, "when black tra?ci were rolling high, to rescue jreit, strong men, and had rescued thea" After that became Ida's vocation. Once she went out to tttt aid of three men who had set out ifta a sheep that had been carried out t sea and had upset in reaching for It the water. At two different times ih rescued soldiers from nearby Fort Adams. In all she saved twenty-trlife-savin- g lives. Ida became the heroine of Newport. On one occasion the Life Saving Benevolent Association of New Tori pre sent her with $150, on another the sol diers of Fort Adams gathered togetker $280 and presented it to her wltt due ceremony. The General Assembly of the state of Rhode Island passed a resolution honoring her, GeBenl Grant and other dignitaries at oh time participated in a special ceremony of recognition, and she received letters and gifts from all over tb world. In 1809 the citizens of Nettort presented her with a special!? constructed boat called the Resm In 1879 by a special act of congiea Ida Lewis was made keeper of tie Lime Rock lighthouse. She held her post for 32 yean When, In 1911. it became known that the heroic woman, then almost sev enty, lay dying in the lighthouse whica was her home, artillery practice it Fort Adams was suspended, that her last hours might be spent In peace. Anne Hutchinson has her Joan of Are, In her time she was called less flattering names : "The New En- AMERICA gland Jezebel." a "notorious imposter," a "Dayngerous Instrument of the f veil raysed up by Sathan!" The historv books will tell yon that Anne Hutchinson taught the peoPe of Massachusetts Bay Colony relipoo ideas which their governor, John and other leaders could not cowas therefore banished an' moved to the shores of Narragan of buy, where she started the town fscti bare the Newport. These are of a rich and thrilling story. Anne Hutchinson came to America In Boston was but four years oH She was a woman of but doubt years, wife of a less hen pecked mercer mother fourteen children. She was a preacher's daughter and extremely rellgio Within sii months of her arrlw Anne was a leader In Boston. j husband was made Judge In the tte trlct court anl she herself became , Intimate of the town's first Anna Hutching suddenly, lost favor. For Anne, like J Porlttf Arc, had her voices. The P only the be to held the Scriptures sible medium of Divine revelation," when this tetnerous woman clainw for herself direct revelations froffl of dW high, she Invited a storm hearr and proval. Followed a long she P which at breaking trial, accusations and theological Wfw with wit and skill. But she ended deni defense with a long speech reve ing her right to her personal Hons, and her cause was lost B05101" Anne was banished from "d children of her with nine W P faithful husband, who to the slsted In calling her a "dear God." retreated to Aquldnect lard near Providence. R. I out if husband died, and she set Island anfl on first Long sett'lng cot in what Is now Westchester Pntcfc V a New York. Here, in the tndiaDSHotrt which ment ignlnst mnUn- - recurrent forays. A Inson and all her children were killed in a massage witim sixteen Jives In all. Years later Boston Rndly "v. V erec this heroic womnn honor, D1D handsome her memory a And today Anne Hutchinson before the Massachusetts ,j Bible In hand, child by her Courageous Exponent of " and Religions Toleration ndone, forty-thre- e well-to-d- people-Then- Breaking an Apple Easy if You Know the Secret Have you ever seen an.)ne grasp an apple in his or her hands and break it cleSmly in half without apparent effort? If you have, notes a writer in the Washington Star, you'll remember how strong you thought the breaker was, and how you wished you could do It Maybe you tried it, and found your finger-tipdigging holes In the apple, or possibly breaking It, but the break never was clean. This stunt Is like almost every other athletic feat you have to know how to do it before you can succeed. Then, when you know how, you have to practice. Here's the way to break an aps ple: Crasp the apple with both hands, closing your palms over it, so that the Angers of one hand are in the opposite direction from pointing the fingers of the other. When you are the apple this way your elbows holding should be pointing outward and your two forearms should make a line Get the apple as close tostraight chest your as possible, then roll your shoulden forward, getting your elbows as far In front of you as you can. Now roll your shoulders back, your elbows in again, and twistbring the hands out If you apple tightly enough, you'lfflndTt ha! broken cleanly in halt and youH ba holding half In each hand I " ..d ltll WMtara MtwtpaP |