Show DAIRY DAMY AND POULTRY interesting CHAPTERS FOR OUR RURAL READERS farmers operate department of tb the farm A few cinto as to tile til care of live stock na 94 4 poultry Gner mey origin and history the island ol 01 sue one ansey Is the second in size ot of the lh inel islands and lies farthest to he west in this group it Is lar a shape being nine miles long and abo t four in grea greatest tet width N bith ith rocky coasts containing 16 aar a L s and ha haq a population ot of 35 halt half ot of whom lle e in the principal own st peters market gardening Is the chief occupation ot of the country deop e and dairy cattle form a r second ary interest there are only about 6 cattle owned upon the island by a long continued policy ot of excluding all live cattle from without its limits the stock of the island has been built up into a distinct breed the origin and history of guernsey and jersey cattle are practically the same but in the development of the former more of the characteristics of the parent stock of normandy france have been retained reta ned at pre present ent however guern can be better compared with jer beys than with any other cattle it Is difficult to say when guernsey cattle beg baffin xii to come to the united states 0 ats at tew few are known to have been owned near philadelphia prior to 1850 in america as in england all chan nel island cattle imported were long called Alder irrespective ol 01 the tile island from they came pure as they were at home each within its own limits the distinction was not properly erly preserved after they reached this country but between 1870 and 1875 tha the guernsey became recognized here as a breed and tor for twenty years importations have been made nearly every year the breed has steadily in creased in numbers and as steadily has gained in favor wherever introduced characteristics ar are e a size larger than jerseys stronger boned and a little coarser in appear ance they are claimed to be hardier and larger but both these points are stoutly disputed they are generally very handsome and attract re cows the head ot of the guernsey rather long the neck slender the rater large rge deep and rangy the rump t the 4 anks thin thighs in twist open and roomy al animal la is at once lecog and belonging to ped ed dairy type they are yellow and orange pre with considerable whit arge rge patches on the body i legs darker shades ap own are found upon some cuite common on bulls S ealar ain ost invariably buff or flesh colored surrounded by a fillet of light hair occasionally a black nose Is found showing the influence of some gain distant ancestor from brit tany the horns horn are small curved fine thin all shelled ailed and waxy in appear ance ane out n showing a deep rich yel low tor for a third of their length from the base A characteristic ot of this breed Is a very generous secretion ot of yellow coloring matter which pertains to the whole skin but Is seen espe dally whets the hair Is white in the ears around the acs e cs and about the udder this gives a richness to the animal which is very noticeable and baues the butter produced to be of a higher color at all seasons ol 01 0 the year than that of any other breed the udder and teats are large and aamir ably shaped and placed in selected specimens mens bit b it and other dairy markings do not throughout the breed appear to be as fixed as in the case ot of jerseys which have be a sub 10 0 o 1 juarbe u of careful breeding the guernsey possesses a ner ous temperament and yet the cows are extremely quiet and gentle when properly handled and less trou brou ble is reported in the management of aged bulls than with jerseys of like age milk and butter records the cows of this breed produce liberal quantities of milk and it Is of uncommon rich ness in butter tat fat and in natural color fhe are to be especially recommend ed for butter cam a as well as for mar ket milk where quality secures a rel adiv ly high price and they are noted foi fol ich ch production comb ned with es pedal economy in feeding they pos eess sess great power ot of assimilating food and convert ng it into ana milk yet are delicate feeders rather than gross and will not generally bear much tore fore ing the grades offspring of a guern sey bull and well sel ted cows of no particular breed ng usually make very dairy stock guernsey cows aver average go 1000 1 pounds in wel weight or a uwe little more and thus being beav ter than jerseys they are expected to give more milk farmer farmers bulletin department of agriculture coat coats ai as I 1 ruih fater raters col william 1 li black in his corn com treatise on the ango angora ra goat and mohair Indus Indu industry str trl ol 01 the unit cd ed states says the brush ques tion Is a most serious one in a gleat siy my of our states As long as land can be kept under cultivation the brush cin can be kept down but when it IB Is once thrown open to pasture briars and brush of all description be gin to grow and soon covel the entire surface even in our own sate state of texas maby many millions of 0 acre in the west are growing up into brush bruh thick 6 68 8 and will sooner or later late ar bee become ome worthless for nr cattle aej la in many 0 tha the costern territories tao the sa gad a conditions exist ie Is is supposed i that this has bas been product by aa an increase in the rainfall but I 1 am in 1 I clittee tu think it t la Is not altogether due I 1 to this tact fact fhe f he brush and trees are er indigenous to mana man of 0 our so e cu ed arid districts can be very easily proven by the great quantities of root that the present inhabitants dig out oui of the ground for fuel purposes nol not a tree can be seen tor for hundreds OJ 0 miles yet these gre great at roots can be b found almost everywhere on the pral ries and are a substantial witness te to the fact that thre was an abundant nc of trees there at some time or other before this portion of the united states was occupied by the white man it was a common practice tIce of the in deans to burn the high prairie grass every tall fall or winter in order to hunt wild game that was so abundant in this part of the country buffalo and deer were as common then as cattle and sheep are now but the grass was so high in places they co ild not be seen and the indian would burn it off to be able to hunt them more readily chis undoubtedly destroyed much of the growth of trees and in my opinion Is the true explanation of the roots that are now found in many parts of west texas new mex ico and other western territories the question is a very important one and it if the goat can be used to keep this growth back it Is certainly well worth the attention of many of our land own ers lers who maa ma in a few deais find their land practically worthless dairy holes notes at the pan ran american exposition to be held at bufia buffa 0 next year it was pro coed to have competitive tests of all the dairy breeds reports now indi cate that all the br ards except the holstein Fries frieson ln will decline to par the holstein friesian men claim that tl e owners of other breeds of cows are afraid to meet them in competition 0 american dairymen are well ac quainter quain ted with the methods of enrich ing skim milk for calve by the add tion of oil meal and the like but ac cording to recent reports the new zealanders are actually using in their milk cod liver oil at the rate of two ounces per calf per day the report says that where separator skim milk Is used the farmers have found it feces sary to add something especially when he lie calves are to be grown into beeves crude cod liver oil can be bought in hat that country for about 75 cents per gal on and each gallon contains ounces of oil this permits them to feed two ounces per day tor for a period of eighty days after which the use of the oil is discontinued whether or not a dairyman should have his cows come in fresh in the tall fall must depend to a very large extent on the despos tion he is making of hia his milk it he Is supplying a creamery or cheese factory that runs only during the summer months it is manifestly to his advantage to nave his cows come in fresh in the spring so the milk will 11 be available tor for use luring the sum mer season but in most cases espe cape dally it the dairyman be well fixed for his business busi buzi nesb a good number of the cows should drop then calves in the fall this Is to the addan tage of the man that sells milk and cream in the he city is well as of the man that makes butter in both caes cabes the winter Is the time when a good flow of mi ml k means most money 0 a they a ais e trying to settle the ques tion of good milk in denmark by grad ing it when it comes to the cheese tac fac tories and creameries the standards tor for grading are ten points point a are given tor for all muk milk without any faults the most points gien ghen are 12 but for milk which b bade alde being clean well aerated and coo ed must have a good fresh aroma milk with 9 points Is not less fresh eight points milk has not been treated so clean as could be wished for or Is be beginning inning to turn sour by 1 7 po ants the fault Is so pro bounced that the supplier is made ac ae quainter quain ted with and requested to correct it as soon as possible six points milk Is returned in some of the factories the milk has been paid for not only in proportion to the quantity of butter tat fat but also by the quality according to the grading so the supplier r who takes some extra trouble to bung bling his milk to the factory in a first c ass condition gets fully leopald for it il in ill other fac tones tories the grading system has no in fluence on the payment the grading it self causing a sort of race between the suppliers as a matte of honor not to get less than 10 po ants the milk Is examined every day and the grading done once a week by the manager str stra v hat flats for horses A report from geneva switzerland s for some davs the genevese have seen circulating about the streets of this city a mail coach of a gaudy color drawn by three horses it stops I 1 in the public squares and the most crowded places its broad broa d doors are opened and show within a brilliant ar ray of dry goods there la is nothing as oni bonishing shing in this display of the m v area ot of a traveling merchant it Is not to tot these that so many are attracted attract d and I 1 pause 0 gaze open mouthed especial ly coachmen and cab drivers it Is be cause the th ee horses are coquettishly decked with hats firmly tied with broad strings this causes a smile among those not accustomed to seeing blasts treated with the same consider consid pr atlon as men in the boath and south aest ot of france this method Is general ly employed especially with wording horses the geneva cab drivers seem to be much interested in this matter and many are 0 tle opinion that the practice would bo be of inestimable sar ser vice heis hele to those horses in n lar which are called to make long stoppages too often in the hot sun nearly 0 per cent of all russians are unable to td read ind and write |