THE H OM& I This Department is Edited by Miss Hazel Love of the Agricultural Agricul-tural College. HINTS ON CLEANING HOUSEHOLD HOUSE-HOLD UTENSILS. The care of metals is no .small part of our household care, as wc all have to have our silver, brass, copper, nickel and tinware spotlessly clean. The causes of tarnish on metals is due to a special deposit from oxidation oxida-tion caused! by moisture of the aiir, to the presence of gas, and the direct action of some acid or corroding substance. sub-stance. Kitchen utensils in general must be kept thoroughly clean, as Upon their cleanliness depends much of the success suc-cess of cooking. They retain odors and flavors if not cleaned properly. Avoid scorching a dish, as a chipped dish or scorched spot will scorch very quickly again. Never leave, dishes standing about with food on them. Remove the food and soak. If the dish is scorched do not scrape but put it on the stove to boil with soda and water. Silver. Silver should be washed each time it is used in hot soapy water, rinsed well in hot water and dried with a soft towel. If stained with certain foods and acids, it then requires special care. In polishing silver, -it is best not to use ammonia or vinegar, as they injure the silver, and for that reason wc should be careful about buying prepared mixtures. They may do the work quickly but arc often injurious. in-jurious. It is less expensive to use whitening moistened with alcohol. Sift the whitening so as to remove all hard lumps that might scratch the silver; moisten with alcohol and apply ap-ply with a soft cloth; leave to dry, then rub off and polish with chamois. Always use friction to clean it thoroughly. thor-oughly. When putting silver away wrap each piece separately. Blues tissue paper is the best; -never wrap silver in any material that is white, r.s the sulphur used in bleaching will cause tarnish on the silver. Never leave rubber near silver, as it will dis-col dis-col r the metal. Copper and Brass. Copper and brass can be quickly cleaned by using .an acidi, but this destroys de-stroys the lustre, and' if the metal is 1 I ' T not milch tarhished, it is best to not use nn acid, -such as lemon juice, vinegar vine-gar or oxalic acid; rottenstone and sweet oil have been found excellent for cleaning these metals. It may take longer, but one is repaid for the soft, yellow finish obtained. The rottenstone rot-tenstone can be purchased in a powder. pow-der. For ordinary purposes Use kerosene. kero-sene. If brass is much tarnished mix common salt and oxalic acid or vinegar, vine-gar, apply with a cloth and rub brisk-ly, brisk-ly, wash well and rub dry. It can be ( polished with rottenstone and oil or j with putty paste which is one ot the j best manufactured pastes. Tarnish j tiaitsctl by adds may ibe removed by acids, but the Utensil will tarnish readily read-ily .again unless eardfully washed. ' Nickel. Kickcl will hot oxidize, aiid is a mo&t desirable metal. It simply requires re-quires to be washed in soapy water ' and thoroughly dried. It may be I polished with whitening and alcohol. 1 Aluminum. Aluminum may be treated in same manner as nickel. Tin. Do not scrape, but allow to soak. If discolored, use baking soda or washing soda and water. Knives. I Do not immerse handle in hot wat- I cr. Clean ivory handles with whiten- I ing and lemon juice, or whitening and turpentine. Glass. Use hot soapy water for greasy deposits, then rinse in clear, hot water. wat-er. Polish with a soft cloth or tissue tis-sue paper. Clean cold water and a soft towcll gives a better polish. Use a brush for cut glass and dry in sawdust saw-dust free from resin. Zinc. Use either kerosene and water, salt and water solution, vinegar and water and rinse thoroughly with clean water. wat-er. Iron. lion utensils arc as .much used in our kitchens as formerly, but it is well to know how to care for them. To clean iron when new cover with melted baillow or grease, let stand two or three days and then heat gradually until the fat mclls; wash in a solotion of- liQt water and soda; rinse .ad dry thoroughly. It may be necessary tp 'repeat this process two or three times. In the dbily care, soak the vessel ves-sel as soon as it has been used, rc-'inovc rc-'inovc fat with soft paper and wash both inside and out with hot soapy water. Iron rust is caused by the ac-'tion ac-'tion of the oxygen of the air in the presence of moisture. To prevent this cover iron! that is not u.sccfl witli vaseline or lard. To clean rust, rub with fat, sprinkle with lime and let stand over night; wash with soda solution. Powdered emery and oil is also good for cleaning rusted iron. Marble. Wash with fine sandstone or powdered pow-dered pumice stone, or cover with a paste of (baking soda and whitening and polish with piece of felt. An iron sink lined with porcelain is the best. It should have open plumbing; that is, the pipes should be exposed to view. There should be an S shaped trap in the pipe. Hot, i clean water should follow soiled wnt- i cr to dean pipes. Follow greasy wat- r 'cr with water containing an alkali. 1 Flush weekly with soda solution, fol lowed toy clear water; allow water to go through strainer to prevent lint from clogging pipes. Garbage Pails. IQarbngc pails should be washed frequently fre-quently with soap and boiling water and dried in the sunlight. Sprinkle carbonic aoid solution into the garbage gar-bage barrel in summer to prevent germ development. The Refrigerator. The refrigerator should be kept in a well lighted and well aired room. I Never connect waste pipe with drain . pipe. Wash, the shelves and racks iwcckly with hot suds and rinse with clean hot water. Clean the grooves and. corners with a wooden skewer. Clean the clrwin .pipe with a flexible wire with a cloth attached, with hot 1..soap suds .and rinse wit.h clean hot water; thoroughly dry U parts. Brooms. j . . Soak below the stitching in hot wator and ammonia, rinse and hang to dry before using . Never wash the inside of tea and coffee pots with soap suds. If granite or-flgtatc war-c is used and becomes .badly discolored, fill the pot nearly full with cold water, add I tb. borax and heat gradually until the water ".wjacbcs,thc- boiling-point; rinse with yjjhot -w.at&r, 'wipe and keep on the hack viM"8e imtili.ncrfcctJy. drv . .1