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Show THE PRESIDENTS MESSAGE work to eradicate the cattle fe rr tick in the south. The department with all inii can and will associations, and It must hae their if its own work is to be done in the must efficient style. Irrigation and Forsat Preaerraticn. Much Is now being done for (he and Mates of the Rocky Mountains Great Plains through the development of the national policy of irrigation and forest preservation; no government policy for Hie betterment of our Internal conditions has bean more fruitful of good than this. The forests of the While mountains and Southern Appalachian regions should also be felkiw-citizn- -- : eve. and brain education of the hand. rTTl-- r' such which will ht us cuoipe paplo ef U etatea In which they lie, through their representatives in th con grass, secure vigorous action by tbs national governuirat. Memorial Amphitheater at Arlington. I Invite tti attention nf the con- I tlOIL j In every possible way we should help tbs wageworker who toils with his hands and who must (we tiopo in i j g oonstsutly increasing messurei also soil with his brain. 1'nder the Ganatl-tuUuthe .National Legtslsi are can do hut little of direct importance for hda welfare save where be Is engaged fa work which permits It to act under Che internets commerce cJauee of ttie Constitution; and this is ono reason why I so earnestly hope that both the IrftdKift sod Judicial branches of tbs government will construe rbls clause of the Constitution la the broad eat possible manner. We can, how-ewe- in each a matter a industrial training, in such a matter as child labor and teotory laws, set an example Is the states by enacting the most advanced legislation that can wisely be ended for the District of Columbia. Agriculture. The only other persons whoso welfare is ns vital to th welfare of the whole country ss Is the wslfsrs of tha wageworkers are the tillers of tbs ssfl, tha farmers. It is a mars tralsm to say that no growth of cities, no growth of wealth, no industrial development can atone for any falling off tn the character and standing of the teaming population. During the Inst Ibv decades this fart has been reeow rJearnoM. niaed with Thera is no longer any failure to real-h- e that farreing, at least In certain branches, must become a technical and acton dfle profsasioa. This means that there mast be open to farmers the eh sacs fur technical and scientific training, not theoretical merely hut of the moat severely practical type. Th farmer repressmta e peculiarly high type of Americas citizenship, sad he must have tha same chance to rise and develop ss other American dtl-aru- a have. Moreover, It is exactly as tree of the farmer, as It Is of the man and the wageworker, that ultimata success of the nation of which he forms a part mast he founded act alone on material prosperity but npos high moral, mental, and physical development. This education of the farmer by preference, but a too edacatioa from tha out-aida with all other men Is peen-Hari- y necessary here la the Halted States, where the frontier conditions even la tha newest states have now nearly vanished, where there must be e eabstitution of a more intensive system of culttvatton for tha old waste-fa- ! form management, end where there must he a better baalness organization among the Carmen themselves. ftoverwj factors must cooperate In the Improvement Af the farmers condition. Ho miMt here the chance to he ed seated In the widest possible gsnse in the sense which keeps ever intimate relationship tvlew thetheory of education and the facta of life. In ell education wr should widen our aims. It is a good thing to produce n certain number of trained echoUrs nod students; bnl tha education superintended by the state must seek rather to produce a hundred good cltUeoe than merely one scholar, and it mart be turned now and then from the rises book to' the study of the great bonk of nstnre Itself. This hi especially trne of the farmer, an has been pointed ont again and again by all observers most competent to past practical judgment on th problems of our eountry life. AH students now realise that education must seek to train 1b executive powers of young people and to confer more real elgnilbwnes upon the phrase "dignity ef labor," and to prepare tbs pupils so that In addition to each developing in tho highest degne his capacity for work, they may fogetier help create t right public opinion, and show In many way social end cooperative spirit. Organization has become necessary in the business world; and It has accomplished much fur good In the world of labor. It Is do Iroa necessary for farmers. Such a movement sk fhe grange movement it good In Itself and Is rxpahlo of n wen-nlg- h Infinite further extension for good so long as It is kept to Us own legitimate bunlnes. Thu benefits to lie derived by the nKHuciaMou of farmers for mutual advantage are partly economic, and patty Hociologi-cal- . ever-increasi- buo-toea- s Inril-rldu- Moreover, while jn the king run effort will prove ntnre cilice-clou- bi-c- ht-l- havrri; gress to th estimate of the secretary of war for an appropriation of a memorial ainpltheater at Arlington. The Grand Army of the Republic in lta national encampment has urged the erection of such an amphitheater as necessary for the proper observance of Memorial Day and at s fitting monu-ineto the soldier and sailor Uad burled there, la this I heartllv concur and commend the matter to die favorable consideration of the congress. Marriage and Divocc. I am well aware of how difficult if. ia to pass a constitutional amendment. Nevertheless in my Judgment the whole question of marriage and divorce should be relegated to the authority of th national congress. At present the wide differences in the laws of the different state on this subject result la scandals sod abuse; and surely there Is nothing vitally essential to the welfare of th nation, nothing around which the nation should so tend itself to throw every safeguard, as the home life of th average eKlaen. The change would be good from every standpoint. In particular It would be good because it would center on the congress the power at once to deal radically and efficiently with jtolygamy; and this should be done whether or not marriage and divorce are dealt with. It Is neither safe nor proper to leant the question of polygamy to be dealt with by the eeveral states. Power to deal with It should be conferred on the national government. When home times are loosened; when men onj women cease to regard n worthy family life, with all lta duties fully performed, sad all it responsibilities lived up to, as tho llfo host worth living; then evil days for the commonwealth are at hand. There am regions in our land, and class of our population, where the birth rate hot ssnk below the death rat Surely It should need no demonstration to show that wilful sterility Is, from tbs standpoint of the nation, from the standpoint of the human ran, th on sin for which the penalty is national death, roc death; a sin for which there is no atonement; n sin which Is the more dreadful exactly la proportion as the men and women guilty thereof are lu other res ports, in character, and bodily and mental powers, those whom ter the sake of the state It would be well to see the fathers and mothers of many healthy children, well brought up in hemes made happy by their presence. No mad, no woman, can shirk the primary duties of llte,whetb er for lave of ease and pleasure, or for any other cause, and retain bla or her American Stopping Let me once again call the attention of the Congress to two subjects concerning which I have frequently before communicated with them. On Is the question of developing American shipping. I trust that a law embodying in substance the views, nr a major part of the views expressed In the report on this subject laid before the house at its last session will be passed. I am wei aware that in former years objectionable measures have been proposed In reference to the en ounragement of American shipping; but It seems to me that the proposed measure ia as nearly unobjectionable tu any can be. It will of course benefit primarily our seaboard states, such au Maine, Louisiana and Washington; but what benefits part of our people in the end benefits all; Just as government atd to Irrigation and forestry In th West is really of him eflt, not only to tlie Rocky Mountain state. but to all our country. If It prove practicable to enact a law for the encouragement of sMuptna gen erally, then at least provision should he made for better communication with South America, notably for fast mail lines to the chief South American ports. It is discreditable to us that onr bnsiuess people, for lack direct communication In the shape of lines nf steamers with Mouth America, should In that gnat sister runtlnt-n- ' he at a disadvantage compared to the business people nf Europe. s than government assistance, while the farmers must primarily do most for themselves, yt the aovern-men- t ran also do ranch. The of Agricull lire has broken new ground in rosmy directions, and year by year it linda how it ran improve Ms methods and develop fresh Its constant effort is tu give the govern men tal assistance in the most effective way; that Is. through associations of fa'iutis rn.hcr than j to or throuch individual farmers It is also striving to coordinate it work ! with the agrlc'ilta'al (j.imrments of the several states, sod so far as its own work is educational, to coordinate it with th work of ithcr educational an'honties. Agriculrural is necessarily lued upon general education, hnf our agricultural educational inst'titknis tire wisely specializing thernfielv,-making their ctairse relate to the urinal teaching of the agricnkurtil and kindred scir ences to yon it t ofMintry people who wish to live young city in the country. Great progress has alreadv licen mod among farmers by the creation of fanners institutes, of dairy associations, of breeders aescistlons, horticultural associations, snd the like. A striking example of how the government and fhe farmer can cooperate is shown in connection with th menace offend o the cotton growers of the southern states by th Th derime ofisthe hoi! sllweevil. it. can to orpartment doing ganise th farmers in the threatened districts, Just ss t has been doing all It can to organ: them In atd of . i I edu-cario- n for a large but temporary increase ia the currency supply. Jt must never be forgotten that this question concerns business men generally quite as much as hankers; especially la this true of stockmen, farmers, and business men In the West; for at present at certain seasons of the year the difference tn Interest rates between the East and the West Is from C to 10 per cent, whereas la Canada the corresponding difference is but 2 per cent. Any plan mint, of course, guard the In terests of western snd southern bankers as carefully aa it guards the Interests of New'York or Chicago bank-- ; and must he drawn from the standpoints of the fanner and the merchant no less than from the standpoints af the city banker and the country banker. The law should be amended so as specifically to provide tint the funds derived from customs duties may be treated by the Secretory of the Treasury as be treats fsuda obtained under laws. There the Internal-revenushould be a considerable increase In bills ot small denominations. Iermle-sloshould be given banks, If necessary under settled restrictions, to retire their circulation to a larger amount than three millions a month. Philippine Tariff. I most earnestly hope that the bill to provide a lower taftff fur or else absolute free trade In .Philippine products will became a law. Nb barm will come to any American Industry: and while there will be some small but real material benefit to tbe Filipinos, the main benefit will come by tbe showing made as to our purpose to do all tn our power for their welfare. 8o far our action In the Philippine ho been abundantly Justified, not mainly and Indeed not primarily because of the added dignity It tins given us as a nation by proving tbmt we are rip able honorably and efficiently to bear the International burdens . which a mighty people ehould bear, but even more because of tbe Immense benefit that' has come to the people of the Philippine Islands. In these islands we are steadily Introducing both liberty and order, to n greater degree than their people have ever before known. We have secured Justice. We have provided an efficient police force, and have put down ladronlam. Only In the lalanda of leyte and Samar Is (He authority of onr government restated and this by wild mountain tribes under the superstitious Inspiration of leaders. fakirs and We sro constantly toe rearing the measure of liberty accorded the islanders. and next string. If conditions wari rant, we eball take a great stride forward In testing their capacity for by MmmonlDg fhe first Filipino loglslatlve assembly; and the way In which they stand this test will largely determine whether the thus granted will be Increased or decreased; far if we have erred at all In the Philippines It has been in proceeding too rapidly In the direction or granting a large measure of self government. We are building We have, for tbe Immeaaur-alilroads. good of the people, arranged for (he building nf railroads. Let us also s see to It that they are given free to our markets. Tills nation owns no more imperative duty to Itself and mankind than tho duty of manuring the affairs of all the Islands under the American flag -- the Philippines. Homo Rtrn. and Hawaii -- so as to make If evident that it la in every way to Their advantage that the flag should fly over them. Porto Rican Affairs. e n t. vol-unta- s pseudo-religiou- Currency Reform. I especially ra,; your attention to the second subject, the condition of currency laws The national baim (ir act ho ably borveil u great purpose tn aiding the enormous business development of the ruur.tr ; and within ten years there bus been an Increase Iti c.irrulatbrn per capita from III 11 t i M3 OS For several years evidence has been accumulating' that addlllonal lexis', at'mi Is needed. The recurrence of each crop season emphasize the defects of the present laws. There must soon tie a revision of them, because tn leave them as they are mears to incur liability of business disaster. Since vour body adjourne there has been a fluctuation in the ini crest on rail money from 2 per cent to 3d per cent; and the fluctuation was even greater during th preceding six months. The secretary of the tr asury had to step In ami fowls action put a stop to the most violent period of oscillation. Even son,-thasuch fluctuation is the sitvame in commercial rates and the uncerinta ty felt in the sufficiency of rreiii even at high rates A1.; rwnmeir a. interests suffer during each crop j r lod. Excessive rates for mi; pom American citizenship shuiild be conferred on the citizens of Porto Rico. The harbor of Pan Juan In Porio ttlco should be dredged and Improved. The expenses of the federal court of Porto Rtci should le met from the Federal treasury. The administration uf the s ffstra of Porto Rico, together with those of the Philippine. Hawaii, slid our other inKular possessions, shond all lif- ditvcTrd under one executive by preference he of of f'p!e or the War. Hawaii. Th" needs nf Hau'iii ar" peru'lar: I'even nil sb-iptven the i, lands; and our efforts should be uneeaaln? to develop them alu.g the lira s of a community uf small freeholder, not t of great with cculio-tlltati-St 'i.vr,i HS this territory ts. in the middle of the 1nrlflc. there sro dmies lir.pi?ei upon tills small ccm imml.y which d., nol fall lu like decree or manner njx ii uny other roiTitmuiltv. fids warrants ,.ur ir differently from the wav in tr--s' ( whi'di terrltorleii eurtlnioiM nv ; surrounded by sister In New York attract Uinuiy from he und Justlfii th thr sts'". -Interior banks into 'h specir.ath le f a portion of ur rwen,!, fnc field: this depletes the fur. be expended for educations! and otherwl-- c lr a' j- vm for coir Iniprovemer.tk therein Hawnli mere! al uses, ami tiir nuw inaklnc an effort ( swore t:u are forced t, abnoroiM'i fli in the end to assume the rates; so that curb U.' v ax. In it, 1i;ti.',t und buulens of full A;;,erl'.an of increased shape charges. Is It '7i, shlii, snd whenever the lrudera placed on tl.e I oh ,.f the nf file various industries of these is l it its country. finally asl.--nt cur idenlx The s'stin.Mi' of i.i. r i.i.iriily join our administration in en-- i shows thsr ,'ir irci-.-n- t iivurtn to dcveti.;i a in'dd'e class ss:'in i hl - s n - il i1 s iM,-r.F- I l'u!j d'f' : T'otc u, ,1 of has verbial. To no oilier country there been such an increasing number of visitors from this land as tu Japan. In return, Japanese have come here in great numbers. They are welcome, socially and Intellectually, in all our colleges and institutions of higher learning, in all our professional and social bodies. The Japanese have won in a single generation the right to stand abreast of the foremost and most enlightened peoples uf Europe and America; they have won on their own merits and by their own exrttons the right to treatment on a basis of full and frank equality. The overwhelming mas ot our people cherish a lively regard and respect for the people of Japan, and in almost every quarter of the union the stranger from Japan is treated as he deserves; that is, he is treated as the stranger from nt any part of civilized Europe is and deserves to be treated. But here and there a most unworthy feeling has manifested itself toward the Japanese the feeling that has been shown in shutting them out from the common schools in Ran FVanciiro, and in muttering against them in one or two other places, because of their efficiency as workers. To shut them out from th public schools is a wicked absurdity, when there are no first class colleges in the land, including the universities and colleges of California, which do nut gladly welcome Japanese students and on which Japanese students do not reflect credit. We have aa much to learn from Japan as Jprn has to learn from ua; and no nation is fit to teach unless it Is also wllllsg to learn. Throughout Japan Americana are well treated, and any failure on the part of Americana at home to treat the Japanese with a like courtesy and consideration is by Just so much a confession of inferiority In our civilization. Our nation fronts on the Pacific, Morality. Just as it fronts on the Atlantic. We It Is a mistake, and It betrays a hope to play a constantly growing part spirit of foolish cynicism, to main- In the great ocean of the Orient. We tain that all international govern- wish, as we ought to with, for a great mental action lo, and must ever be, commercial development in our dealbaaed upon mtre selfishness, and that ing! with Asia; and It la out of the to advance ethical reasons for such question that we should sctlon is always a sign of hypocrisy. hove such development permanently unless we This Is no more necessarily true of freely and g'.adly extend to other the action of governments than of nations the same measure of Jnstlce the action of Individuals. It ia a sure and good treatment whirh we expect sign of a base nature always to as- to receive in return. It Is only a very cribe base motives for the actions of smell body of our citlseua that act ethers. Unquestionably no nation cm badly. Where the federal government afford to disregard proper considera- has power It will deal summarily with tions of any more than any such. Where the several states a private Individual can do so. But have puwer J earnestly ask that they It Is equally true that the average alto deal wisely and promptly with private Individual in any really de- such conduct, or else this small body cent community does tunny actions of wrongdoers may bring shame upon with reference to other men in which the great mass of their Innocent and but right thinking fellows that Is, upon he 1 guided, not by by public spirit by regard for the our nation as a whole. Good manners righta of others, by a disinterested should be an International no less than purpose to do good to others, and to an Individual attribute. I oak fair raise the tone of the community as a treatment for the Japanese as I would whole. Similarly, a really great na- oak fair treatment far Germans, or tion must often act, and as a matter Englishmen, Frenchmen, Russians or of foot often does act, toward other Italian. I ask it as due to humanity nations In a spirit not in the hast of and civilisation. I ask It as due to mere but paying heed ourselves because we must act uptoward ell men. chiefly to ethical reasons; and as the rightly I recommend to the congress that centuries go by this disinterested In International action, this tendency an act be passed specifically providing of the individuals toward its neigh- for the naturalisation of Japanese who come bors, steadily grows and strengthens. ican here intending to become Amerdtlsens. One of the great emIt Is neither wise nor right far a nation to disregard its own nteda, barrassments attending the performof our international obligations and it la foolish and may be wicked ance to think that other nations will dis- Is the tent that the statutes of the United States are entirely inadequate. regard theirs. But it. Is wicked for fail to give to the national gova nation only to regard Its owj In- They sufficiently ample pewer. terest, and foolish to believe that ernment United mates courts and by such Is the sole motive that actuates through the nse of the army and navy, to prosny othrr nation. It should be our tect. aliens In the secured t o steady aim to raise the ethical stand- them under solemn rights trestles which tre ard of Individual action. law of the land. I therefore Not ouly must we treat all nations tbe recommend that the crimrarneTly we must treat with but Justice fairly, inal and civil statutes of the United and good will all Immigrants who be so amended and added to come here under the law. Whether States aa to enable the President, acting for are Catholics, or Protestant, Jew the United States Government, which they or Gentile; whether they come from is responsible In our International reEngland or Germany, Russia, Japan, lations, to enforce tbe rights nf aliens or Italy, matters nothing. All we under treaties. Even as the law now have a right to question is the mans is something esn be done the fedconduct. If lie is honest and upright eral government toward thisby and in bla dealings with Ua neighbor and In the matter now before me end, with the state, then he is entitled to the Japanese, everything that affecting It is 1 respect and good treatment. Especial- my power to do will be done, and nil to we need our remember ly do dnty or the forces, military and civil, of to the stranger within our gates. It the United States, which I may lawalow civilisation, fully employ will be oo Is the Mire mark of eraplored. a low morality, to abuse or discrimi- There should, however, he no particle nate against or In any way humiliate of doubt as to the power of the nasuch stranger who has come here tional government completely to perlawfully and who la conducting him- form and enforce Its own obligations self properly. To remember this Is lo other nations. The mob of a single incumbent on every American rltlxen, city may at any time perform acta of and it 1 of course peculiarly iucum-be- lawless violence against some rlkas of on every governmmt official, foreigners which would plunge us into whether of the notion or of the sev- war. That city by Itself would be ers states. powerless to make defense against the I am prompted to say this by the foreign power thus asEaulted, and if attitude of hostility here and there Independent of this government It assumed toward the Japanese In this would never venture to perform or country. This hostility is sporadic permit the performance of the acts and Is limited to a very few places. complained of. The entire power and Nevertheless, It Is moat discreditable the whole duty to protect the offendto ns os a people, and It may he ing city or the offending community fraught with the gravest oonsequeDees lies In the hands of the United States to the notion. The friendship between government. It is unthinkable that we the United Mlstea und Japan has been should continue a policy under which continuous since the time, over half a a given locality may be allowed tn century ago. when Commodore Perry, commit a crime against a friendly nohy his expedition to Japan, flrrt openrd tion. and the United States governthe Islands to western civilization. ment limited, nol to preventing the Since then the growth of Japan hns commission of the erlme, but. In tho been literally astounding. There Is lost resort, to defending fho people not only nothing to parallel it, hut. who have committed it against the nothing to approach it in the history consequences of tbelr wrongdoing. of civiiircd mankind. Japan has a Cuba. glorious and nnd-past. Her civian Iasi Insurrection broke August lization is older than that of the nations of northern Europe the notions out in Cuba which it speedily grew from whom the people of the United evident that the existing Cuban govState have chiefly sprung. Hut flfty ernment wns powerless to quell. This years ago Japan's development was government, was repeatedly asked by still that of the Middle Aires. During the then Cuban government to interthat flfty years the progress of the vene. and finally was notified by tbe of Cuba that he Intended to countrj In every walk in life has lieen proMacnt a man i to mankind, and she now resign; that his decision was irrevothat none nf the other constitustand as r.i of the greatest of rlvl-il- cable; tional officer would oonsent to carry nz'iuux; great in the arts of war on the government, and that be was and in the arts of peace; great in powerless to maintain order. It war military. In Industrial, in artistic de- evident that chaos was Impending, and velopment ami achievement. Japanese whs every probability that if soldier mid sutlers have shown them- - there were not immediately taken by Ives equal 'n combat to any of whom sups this government to try to restore orhistory make. note. She has producder. the representatives of various Eued prnt and mighty ropean nations in the island would apfighting men. afloat and ply to their respective governments ashore, show r.!l he heroic courage, for armed intervention in order to prothe iuiqiiPR''ii loyalty, tect the lives and property of thoir un'alterlng the sphci'id ; ('Ifferotirp to hardship citizens. Thanks to the preparedness ami death, which marked the IxtvhI of our navy, 1 was able Immediately to Kftilns: and ! v show also that they send enongh fib ip to Cuba to prevent the hij'Vst ideal of patriotism. the poent-iltuatipn from becoming hopries : f ari-of kind see p:imt-every and I furthermore tn Cubs their prod')' agerly sought, for In the secretary of wardispatched and the ifiMrtant all lands T, industrial and secret ry of state. In or.ler that dc e; pim-nt of Japan has might grapple wirh the bltuationthey on . been phenoi;. ..a; greater than that the ground. All efforta to secure an oth.-ot uny during the same agreement between the contending same time the advance faction, by which they should period. At themin srleiuv t :: philosophy is no less selves come to an amfcnble under marked. idmirabl management sTanulng sells upon eurne modus of the a Red Cross dnr-in- vtvendi some provisional government the effwar. the "f tlielr own failed. u'o the presiciency !: humanity of the ident if the repnblie Finally The resigned. off,, aria, nuises and doctors, quorum ef congress assembled failed Japanese won the respectful admiration of sM by deliberate purpose of l's members, iMxiuainied wi'h ,bc fact. Through si tha there was no power tu act on th !cd Ow the Japanese pcop.i hie resignation, and the government went over to the sufferer of caui" to a lia'.t. In accordance with rhs'i be ;iad the gift was Matt amendment, which with (latitude by onr pro; le a- embodied in the coiis':tiilnn of The court--- . f the Japanese, iiu'l.u. t'ui'H. I thereupon proclaimed a provis Amt-ncanU- its man to do the gremcet engineering feat. The skilled mtt'h&L bf- wurki..an. tan ie. the ski-le-d come such b; technical Industrial i du' usefulness of erntlun. The institutes of technology snd school of mines or of engineering. Is now universally acknowledged. end no less is the effect of a good building or mechanical trades school, a textile, or a atch making, or engravn such training must deing school. velop net only manual dexterity but Industrial Intelligence. In Interna jraiij rivalry this coantry does not have to fear the competition of pauper labor as much an it has to fear the trained educated labor of specially which fits ally and individually, has become pro- the commercial change. Unfortunately, however, uar.v be found to (leal with now apof tne proposed changes must be ruled snd industrial problem which The best from consideration because they ar: pear to them so sertcus. Ss that which aims for ivmpllcated, are not easy of compreof prosperhension, and tend to diaiurb existing sraMllry and permanency Immediate ous citizenship, rather than also must We and. interests. rights rule out any plan which would mater- let urns tin large masse of capital. Alaska. ially impair the value of the I'. S. 2 per cent bonds now pledged lo separtially needs have Alaska's cure circulation, the issue of which nut. but there must be complete conditions under was made peculiarly of tbe guvtrnmental creditable to the treasury. 1 do rot reorganization os 1 bare briore indicated to system, Various plans priss any especial plan. you. I ark your special attention to have recently ben proposed by e s who dwril this. Our jiert committees of bankers. Among on the shores of Puget Sound with feasible ti.e pious which ere possibly characteristic energy are wronging and whirh certainly should receive to hold in Seattle the Alaska Yukon your consideration is that repeatedly Pacific Its special aims exposition. brought to your attention by the presof Alaska and ent secretary of the treasury, the es include the upbuilding uf American comwentlal features of which have been the development This merce on the Pacific ocean. approved by many prominent bankers and scope, and business men. According to this exposition, in its purposes only to the people appeal plan national banks should b per- should of the Pacific elope, but to the people mitted to issue a specified proportion Alaska uf their capital in aotea of a given of thr United Slate arf large. tc kind, the issue to he taxed at so high since It was bought has yto.ded of a rate as to drive the notes back the government eleven millions when not wanted ia legitimate trade. dollars of revenue, and has produced dolThis plan would not permit the issue nearly three hundred millions of lar in gold, hirer, and fish. When of currency to give the banks add! tlonal profits, but to meet the ewer properly developed It will become in The gency presented by times of strin- large degree a land of homes. ocean countries bordering the Pacific gency. 1 do not say that this I the right have a population more numerous of Eusystem. I only advance It tu empha- thou that of all the countries size my belief that there fa need for rope; their annual foreign commerce the adoption of some system which amounts to over three billions of dolshall he automatic and open to all lars, uf which the share of the United sound banks, su ss to avoid all possiStates Is some qeven hundred milwere bility of discrimination and favoritism. lions of dollars, ir this trad Such a plan would tend to prevent the thoroughly understood and pushed by spasms of high money and speculation j our manufacturers and producers, the which now obtain in the Now York Industries not only of the Pacific market; for at present there Is too slope, but of all our country, and much currency at certain seas'ms ot particularly of our cotton growing the year, and its accumulation at states, would be greatly benefited. Of New York tempts bankers to lend U course, in order to get three benefits, at low rates for speculative purposes: we must treat fairly the countries with whereas at other times when the crops which we trade. are being moved there la urgent nee, International j in sranlsl ci'.lrens. a way T,; hi n t, t, t, 1 nt it.-- ;, s J-- i com-n;erci- r T'-.- .lat-ir- g -- Fis.-icl.-- ional government for the Island, the' secretory of war acting as pruvieioiu.1 guv er nor until he could be replaced by Mr. Mfigunn, the late minister to Panama and governor of the canal zone on the ialutuus ; troop were sent to support them and to relieve the navy, the expedition being handled with must satiafactory speed and The insurgent chiefs immediately agreed that their troops should lay down their arms and disband; and the agreement was carried out. Tup provisional government has left thu peisoLuel of the old government and the old laws, so far os might be, un changed, and will thus administer the island for a few month, until Iran qullity can be restored, a new election properly held, and n new 'government inaugurated. Pence has cume in the island; and the harvesting of the sugar cone crops, the greet crop uf the island. 1 about to proceed. When the election has been held and the new government inaugurated in peaceful and orderly faahion the government will come to an end. I take this opportunity of expressing upon behalf of the American people, with all possible solemnity, our most earnest hope that the people of Cuba will realise the Imperative need of preserving justice and keep-lu- g .order in the island. The United States wishes Bulking of Cuba except that it shall prosper morally and materially. and wishes nothing of the Cubans save that they shall be able lo preserve order among theuiselviw and therefore to preserve their Independence. If the elections become a farce, and if the insurrectionary habit becomes confirmed in the laianj. It 1m absolutely out of the question that the islaid should continue independent; and the United States, which has issumed tha sponsorship before the civilised world for Cubas career as a nation, would again have to intervene and to se that the government was managed in such orderly fashion as to secure the safety of life and property. The psth to be trodden by those who Is always exercise hard, and we should have every charity and patience with tbe Cubans as they tread this difficult path. I have the utmost sympathy with, and regard for them; but 1 most earnestly adjure them solemnly to weigh their responsibilities and to see that when their new government Is started it shall run smoothly, and with freedom from flagrant denial of right on the one hand, and from insurrectionary disturbances on the other. The Rio Conference. The second International conference of American republics, held In Mexico in the years 1901-2- , provided for the holding of the third conference within five treors, and committed the fixing of the time and place and the arrangements ter the conference to the governing board of the bureau of American republics, composed of the representatives of all the American nations in Washington. That board discharged the duty Imposed upon it with marked fidelity and painstaking care, and upon the courteous invitation of the United States of Brasil, the conference" wu held at Bio de Janeiro, continuing from the 23d nf July to the 29th of August last- - Many subjects of common Interest to all the American nation were discussed by the conference, and the conclusions reached embodied in a series f rewdutlons and proposed conventions, will be laid before you upon tbe coming in of the final report of tbe American delegates. They contain many matter of importance relating to the extension of trade, the increase of communication, the smoothing awsy of barriers to free Intercourse, and ' the promotion of a i.ettc' knowledge and good understanding between the different coun-- t The meetings of the conference were harmonlotts and tho conclusions were reached with substantial unanimity. It Is Interesting to observe that In the successive conferences which have been held the representatives of the different Araer lean nations have been learning to work together effectively, for, while the first conference in Washington in 1S89. and the second conference in Mexico in 1901-2- , many occupied months, with much time wasted in an unregulated and fruitless discussion, the third conference at Rin exhibited much of the facility in the practieol dispatch nf business which characterizes permanent deliberative bodies, and completed Its labors vr'tbin the period of six weeks originally alkitted for Its sessions. Quite apart from the specific value of the conclusions reached by tbe conference, the example of the representative of nil the American nations engiuclng in harmonious and kindly consideration and discussion af subjects of common Interest is Itself nf great and substantial valu for the promotion of reasonable and considerate treatment of all international questions. The thanks of this country are due to the government of Brasil and to the people of Rio de Janeiro for the generous hospitality with which nur delegates, in common with the others, were received, enter t stned snd fnrllltated In their work. Incidentally to the meeting of tha conference, the secretary of state visit ed the city of Rio de Janeiro and was cordially received by the conference, of which he Was made as honorary p real dent. The announcement of hi Intention to moke this visit was followed hy most courteous and urgent Invitations from nearly all the countries of South America to visit them ss the guest, of their governments. It was deemed that by the acceptance of these Invitations we might appropriately express the rest respect and friendship In which we huhl our sister republics of the southern continent, and the secretary accordingly visited Brazil. Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, He rePont, Panama and Colombia. frained from visiting Paraguay, Bolivia and Ecuador only because the distance of their capital from the seaboard made it Impracticable wilh the time at his disposal. He carried with him a message of peace and friendship, snd of strong desire for good understanding and mutual helpfulness, and he was everywhere received ia the spirit, uf his message. The members of government, the press, the learned prafeuions. the men of business and tbe great, mosses of fhe people united everywhere in emphatio response to his friendly expressions, and In doing honor to the country and cause which he represented. In many parts of South America there hss been much misunderstanding of the attitude aid purposes of tbe United States toward the other American republics. An Idea had become prevalent that our assertion of the Monroe doctrine Implied, or oar-riewith It. on assumption of super iority. and of a right to exercise some kind of protectorate over tbe countries to whose territory that doctrine applies. Nothing could be farther from the truth. Yet that impression continued to be a serious-baniv-- r to good understanding to friendly Intercourse, the introduction uf American capital tud the extension The impression . Aa..-;.--.- -, i)1 that apparently Co reached bv aay'ordiuary "j S..I lot,.. it was pail of Secteuri i sion to dusi-e- l tins stun, and there is jun ,Uiil lieve that he has surcet-Tt: addresM n the third iw,; ' Kio on the Jlai of Jb;. ot such note that 1 seuan 1L tllw nlth this mesaage he We wish for no virtu;),f peace; fur no lerru. r own; for no novereiguii V' sovereignty oier uurseiie We' the independence anj the smallest and weake.i memi! ll the family uf nations emit; , much respect os of iUy semlS empire, and we deem the of that respect the chief gunj-a-tthe weak against the oppress!,, strong. We neither clslui dh! any rights or privilege or tbmt we d not fit iv every American republic. u " increase our prosperity, to trade, to grow in wealth. in wisdT and in spirit, but our cuncepiua, ufofj true way to accomplish tins i i7 pull down others and protl; by the, ruin, but to help all friends to a coa mon prosperity and a cornuum growth that we may all become greater stronger together. Within a few mouths for the first time the ream nlsed possessors uf every fw.t upon the American cuniluenik v.iB and 1 hope will be represented wiu the acknowledged rights uf r erelgn states In the great world at The Hague. This win be formal and final acrepaoK the declaration that uo part uf th American continents is to he droned subject to colonisation. Let us pkdn ourselves to aid each other In the fan performance uf the duty to huminitr which that accepted declaration ini. plies, so that In time tbe weakest tni most unfortunate ot our republic may come to march with equal tin by the aide uf the stronger and mon fortunate. Let us help each other to show that for all the rare of mon the liberty for which we have fought snd labored Is the twin sister of justice and peace. Let ua unite in creating and maintaining and making effective an public opinion, whan power will Influence International conduct and prevent Internationa! wrong, and narrow the cause of war, ni forever preserve our free lundi from the burden of such armaments u massed behind the frontiers of Bu. rope, and bring us even nearer to th perfection of ordered liberty, go ihdl come security and prosperity production and trade, wealth. leaning, th arts and happiness fur us si!. These words appear to have received with acclaim la every part of South America. They have my hearty approval, as 1 am sure they will hare yours, and 1 can not lie wrong In tho conviction that they correctly represent tbe sentiments uf the whole American people. I can not hrttsr characterise the true attitude of the United States In fie assertion of the Monroe doctrine than In the word af the distinguished former minister of foreign affairs of Argentina, Dr. Dngie In his speech welcoming Mr. Root to Buenos Ayres. He spoke of -Tha trod i Lionel policy of the United States ( which) without ucet tiwtlng superiority or seeking preponderance, oundemned the opprwsdoa of the nations af ibis part or tbe world and thq control of tbelr deniilei ty the great pow ers of Europe." It is gratifying to know that It Die great city of liuenoa Ayres, upas tbs arches which spanlej the stmts, ct-- t wined with Argentine and Ameilen flags for the reception of our representative, there were emblazoned aot only the names of Washington tad Jefferson and Marshall, but also, in recognition uf their serried to the cause of South American ind pendeuce, the names of James John Quincy Adams. Henry Clay and Richard Rush. We take especial pleasure In the graceful courtesy of the government of Brazil, which hi given to the beautiful and statelf building first used for the meeting of the conference the name of PsUcIa Monroe." Our grateful acknowledgments are due to the government and the people of all tbe countries visited try the secretary of state for the courtesy, the friendship and the honor shown to our country In their hospitality to him. In my message to you on the Sth et December, 1905, I celled your Miration to the embarrassment that might be caused to this government by ths assertion by foreign nations id the right to collect by force of arm contract debts due by American republic to citizens of the collecting nation and to the danger that the process of I compulsory collection might result to the occupation at territory tending become permanent. I then mid: "Our own government has alwiyi refused to enforce auch contractual ob ligations on behalf of it citizens ff un appeal to arm. It ia much to M wished that nil foreign government! would take the mum view. This subject was one of the topM of consideration at the conferee at Rio end a resolution wan adopted Iff that conference recommending to the respective government represented ue consider the advisability of asking second peace conference at The Hagus to examine the question of ths cosir pulaory collection of public debts, In general, means tending to dlmutB among nations conflicts of purely origin." This resolution was supported by BUM representatives of the United In accordance with the following . at ructions: "It has long been the eatablAhoa policy ef the United States not to Its armed forces for the collection ordinary oontract debts due to its izens hy other governments. Be vr not considered the use of ton a such a purpose consistent withtM respect for the independent soreretPJ! ty of other members of the mmW nations, which Is the most principle of international law nsu of weak chief protection against the oppression of ths u It seems to us that the practice Jurious In its general effect upon ww relations of nations and upon tha fare ot weak and disordered J1 whose development ought to of civuuw couraged in the Interests tlon; that it offers frequent tempt lion to bullying and oppress" w to unnecessary and unjustifiable fare. W regret that whose opinions and sense of Ji we esteem highly, have at time en a different view and have be ted themselves, though we with reluctance, to collect such IMt by force. It 1 doubtles true m.v . of debts, public nonpayment . accompanied by such ctreumst fraud and wrongdoing or treaties as to Justify ths use Dils government wonid be g .w an International consideration discriminate subject which shall r'- bll-o- tW Ul-- '' I- Moo-ro- n vP |