? , 7 4 -Head 27i "Pneumonia Germ" Does Ni Discovered WORM Causes Pneumonia; and You Catch Pneumonia by EATING the Worm, Not by Breathing It In And the Same Astonishing . Discovery Has Been Made About j a Long List of Germ Diseases - By Dr. W. H. Ballou. j TT wEDICAL theories concerning our cases from spores, which were very much We sh; MEDICAL theories concerning our commonest and most deadly germ diseases have been entirely upset. Independent investigations by scientists in ' -various parts of the world have led to this i conclusion. Everybody understood that most of our Infectious nd contagious diseases pneumonia, pneu-monia, Summer complaint, typhoid fever I end many others were caused by germs j commonly known as microbes. Medical I i science described most of the microbes as i bacteria, that, is, an exceedingly low form of plant life. The bacteria developed in most TU1C 1 C tha "P n e u m o n i a i Germ" Recognized hy All Doctors arid Medical Books as the Cause of Pneumonia and Called "PneumoccocuB." Science Now Knows That This Germ Is a Vegetable and Does Not Cause j Fneumonia, I r- j u J cases from spores, which were very much like seeds. Medical science found the various kinds -of bacteria swarming in the different germ diseases and had no doubt that they were the cause of the trouble. The ' doctor, laboring in the pathological' laboratory, could see the bacteria swarming under his microscope. Some of them were rod-shaped, rod-shaped, others were dot-shaped, and some even were comma-shaped. Some had long hairs to move and swim with, and others had none and stayed still. Now. science has shown that that view of the cause of disease is almost entirely wrong. It has shown that the real cause in most of the diseases studied was a minute animal parasite, a kind of worm. The parasites escaped notice for years, in many instances on account of the deficient power of microscopes; but recently, under the tremendously high power ultra-microscope, they have come into view. The old microbes were present In the disease, of course, but it has been found that they were comparatively harmless, perhaps beneficial, because they ate up dead organic waste matter in the system. They served also as food for the disease-causing disease-causing worms, but it is not believed that they are necessary for the life of these pests. It had long been known that certain kinds of microbes were useful in cleaning up decaying matter in the outside world, -, but it is now proved that they perform the ' same duty within the human body. i A HPI-ITl ne Newly JDiscovered Little Worm Called nU i 1C5 Ascaris Lumbricoides." This Is a Microscopic Animal, a Motile Worm. The First Picture (1) Shows Two Full-Grown Ascaris Worms Wrapped Up in a Shell in Which Are Three Small "Cysts' cr Bundles of Little Ascaris Worms. i This (2) Shows an Enlargement of One of the Cysts, or Nests, of Young j Ascaris Worms. When the Shell of the Worms, as Shown in Diagram (1), 1 Is Dissolved by the Juices of the Intestines, the Little Nests of Worms 1 Are Released, and the Young Worms Soon Emerge and Begin to Attach Themselves to the Walls of tht Intestines. Through the Walls of the Intestines the Worms Enter the Blood and Thus Travel to the Lungs, Where They Set Up thu Disease Called "Fneumonia." iff cr III ',)vfnA 1 I mm n , mi mArm - A 1 C3) Greatly Magnified Ascaris or Pneumonia Worm, Showing the Differ-' Differ-' ence in the Two Ends of the Creature. i Not Cause Pneumonia A Newly The Dysentery Worm That Causes Bowel Diseases. W m& rmk f 0 lip The Newly Dis- The Vorm Begin- The Frocess Fin- The Two Per- eove-ed Dysentery r.ing to Divide to Be ished and Two Twin fectly Formed Worm at Rest in Its eome Two Worms. Worms Formed Dysentery Worms Shell, Within the Shell. Now Ready to Emerge and At- i tack the Intes- I all understand how im- tines. I portant these new discoveries are for us when we learn they affect pneumonia, that most deadly, cruel and very common disease, for which no reliable cure or treatment has ever been found. Science now declares that the old, well-known microbe, mi-crobe, the "pneumococcus," is not the real cause of pneumonia, pneu-monia, -but that a newly discovered discov-ered worm is the cause, and that we eat this cause of disease with our food instead of breathing breath-ing it in, the common method of taking in the pneumococcus. Doctors B. H. Ransom and W. D. Foster, of the United States Health , Department, Washington, Washing-ton, two of the many scientists who have been studying the new causes of disease, publish this most astonishing and interest ing and interesting statement concerning the cause of pneumonia: pneu-monia: "The round worm, ascaris lumbricoides, lum-bricoides, is the most common and the most important intestinal intesti-nal parasite of man. It breeds in the colon, the eggs hatch in vthe alimentary canal, the young pierce the intestinal wall and, aided by the circulation, migrate to the liver, spleen and lungs. They cause pneumonia, lung troubles, etc.. in human beings, lower-; animals and particularly children." This worm, which is the real cause of pneumonia, is a strange looking creature under the microscope, mi-croscope, with two spots, surprisingly sur-prisingly like eyes, a mouth and other orifices, a rod that is called a backbone for want of a better understanding of its nature. It is alarming to think that we are swallowing this creature in countless quantities with our food or water instead of breathing breath-ing it. It buries itself in our intestinal in-testinal walls and only breaks loose when the defensive forces of the body become too weak to fight against it. Then it digs its way through the wall and after passing through the circulation .reaches the lungs, which are its predestined home. The' fact that this worm and not the pneumococcus is the real cause of pneumonia fully explains why the countless serums and vaccines, prepared from the old pneumococcus microbe mi-crobe by the Rockefeller Institute Insti-tute and other institutions have entirely failed to cure the disease. dis-ease. The facts are found to be similar simi-lar with regard to many other diseases .that is to say. that they are caused by microscopic worms which we swallow, and not, by the old microbes. For instance, it has been found that dysentery, Summer complaint (which is the greatest cause of mortality among our babies)' and other intestinal troubles are due to a type of worm called "glardia." and not to various microbes of the bacterial bac-terial type. The old bacteriologists bacteriolo-gists did indeed credit one form of dysentery to an animal form. the "entamoeba," but this particular. animal has now been fo'und to be the cause of decay of the teeth. Dr. A. Porter, of the British Army, first found that a worm called "giardia intes-tinalis," intes-tinalis," was the cause of dysentery after examining sick soldiers at Gallipoli, where tho disease caused terrible mortality. He reported his discovery in the London Lancet. Recently the scientists of the University of California have been making a remarkable remark-able study of the worms that cause intestinal intes-tinal and other diseases. Drs. W. C. Boeck, C. A. Kofoid and R. B. Christiansen, of this institution, give a most interesting account of the nature and habits of these deadly creatures. Some of them are round worms and others flat worms. Some of them are described as "protozoans," and others as "metazoans." They are all distinguished 'by having several long feelers, which enable them to move about freely. Soon after birth, according ac-cording to the University of California investigators, in-vestigators, each young parasite rolls itself it-self up into a baU and encysts; that is to say. a hard shell forms around the minute body. Several of these cysts are likely to bo drawn together, attaching themselves to one which has attached itself to some likely like-ly spot in the human intestines. The digestive ferments of the human stomach and intestines in due time digest off the ca e of the worm and releases it. It grows larger, divides and becomes two worms. Sometimes it. only divides in two. but wimn it i very vigorous it divides into many worms. Then they encyst aainanl repeat the previous operation. Copyright, lam. by Star Company. The Doctors Have Always Supposed That the Pneumonia Germ Is Breathed in Through the Nose and Mouth, and Thus Find Lodgment Lodg-ment in the Lung. Science Now Knows That the True Cause of Pneu-monia, Pneu-monia, the Worm Ascaris, Is Swallowed Into the Stomach, Passes Out Into the Smaller Intestine, and Burrows Through the Wall of the Small Intestine, or the Colon, Which Is Part of tho Large Intestine, and Then Passes Through the Circulation to the Lungs. Naturally there is much Inflammation and congestion at the point of the intestines where a number are attached and the alimentary ali-mentary canal is more or less closed up. The blood is poisoned and the system swarms with the parasites. The disease that developes depends ou the particular kind of worm that is 'most abundant. It may do most of the harm in the intestine and cause Summer complaint of appendicitis or dyspepsia, or it may penetrate the intestinal wall and travel elsewhere, as wc have seen in the case of the pneumonia parasite. A sample worm, which has been studied extensively by the California investigators, i3 the "giardia microti." which measures frcm 11 to 14 micromillimeters in length, which is roughly around 1-2,540 of an inch! This minute worm has a nervous (neuromotor) (neuro-motor) apparatus for regulating its movements. move-ments. It has eight feelers to assist in moving about. All of these feelers vibrate with the same rapidity when the worm lies on its back. As the speed of vibration increases in-creases the speed of locomotion increases. TLe worm travels just about fast enough to swim against the currents in the alimentary ali-mentary canal, which would carry it out of the human body. The direction of the little lit-tle worm is governed by the minute, hairlike hair-like tail, attaeherPto the body in ball and socket fashion, which it cun bend up or down or from side to side. It has a rod called an "axostyle," corresponding corres-ponding to our backbone. Slrangoly enough, the tiny worm does not. have to encyst, in a hard shell before dividing in two. but may do so or not according to circumstances. The worm snlils no and down and becomes two perfect individuals. Great 'Britain Righto Reserved. hA-X ffvS- : ; ; ke hairsfor srt 1 A LOCOMOT,ONR " S ISit Mouth RRts :?hrS-.-S -V-hooks bvwh IT Attaches10" V--- IMTes"T-iNe II H ACK"B i I . . Tail, I I Fhelersor i V VV Swimming V Appendages Greatly Magnified Drawing of the Dysentery Worm, "Giardis Microti," Showing Details of Its Anatomy. The Creature It About l-2000th of an Inch Long, Is an Animal, It Moves or Swims by Vibtj. lion of Its Feelers and Other Parts, end It Causes Cholera Infantum Intestinal Poisoning and Death Through Dysentery Convulsion!, The four germ cplls of the original divide into pairs, and a complete set goes to each of the offspring. There are male and female worms. One of the worms of the "giardia" group is believed to be the cause of severe dyspepsia, which may become be-come acute or chronic, and is sure to kill the victim when his defences can no longer withstand the continuous con-tinuous assaults of the tiny creatures in his stomach. One of the many startling start-ling discoveries made by the scientists is that all germs having feelers, or "flagella." as they are called in bacteriology, are really animals and not bacteria. bac-teria. In the old science of bacteriology the bacteria bac-teria were divided into motionless types, usually shaped like dots and rods, and the motile kind, having hav-ing feelers and the power of locomotion. This particular discovery discov-ery appears to have a very important bearing on typhoid fever. In a culture of germs of this disease ?oti can see a number of motile organisms or-ganisms with long feelers and a number of motionless motion-less ones. Bacteriology always taught that the organisms or-ganisms with feelers were the bacteria of typhoid. Now it appears clear in the light of the, latest discoveries dis-coveries that the creatures with the feelers are animal ani-mal parasites, while the rods are true bacteria on which the others feed. The old science of bacteriology bac-teriology said there were two kinds of dysentery one caused by a bacterium, the other caused by an animal parasite called the "entamoeba.'' Now, it is proved that while" both kinds arc caused by animals, the "entamoeba" has nothing to do with It, but is the cause of decay or the teeth. Doctors Allen .1. Smith. M. T, Barrett and B. H. T-uckc. of Ihe School of Medicine' of the University of Pennsylvania, Pennsyl-vania, announce in the Journal of Parasitology: Parasi-tology: "In our experiments, pyorrhea material bearing active, vegetative entamoebac, was given to two kittens by injection into the colon. In all cases we failed to find amoebae in the dejections and to note, any evidence of dysenteric symptoms." Dr. Kadine Nowlin. of the University of Kansas, backs the above statement up in the same journal by independent experiments, experi-ments, and says: "An infected tooth was extracted, on which entamoehae had flourished for four wceksand then disappeared. Where wore they? Tho tooth showed an ulcer at the root and many lesions were soon on the periosteum, in which were leucocytes and amoebae. The latter were extremely numerous, nu-merous, all in partial or complete eiicyst-mcnt. eiicyst-mcnt. proving that, the entamoeba? may withdraw from the tootli when destroyed and encyst on the gums" (for their destruction). de-struction). Many puzzling questions may bo asked about the meaning of these "discoveries and some cannot yet be answered. It may be asked why some of the old bacteria when Injected into animals causo specific disease... and why antitoxins prepared from them cure those diseases. Why does diphtheria antitoxin cure diphtheria and why does the antityphoid vaccine used in Ihe army prevent typhoid? Tho only rra-.onnhlo answer appears te be that along with the bacteria used j preparing the remedies the bodies or poison poi-son s of the animal parasites which are lb; real cause of the disease are included. I! will readily be understood how this bap-pens bap-pens in the case of typhoi'd, where I'm flagellated parasites are so closely associated associ-ated with the rod-shaped bacteria. Certainly Cer-tainly all these lines of investigatioa poim strongly to the conclusion that all genj diseases are caused by animal parasite-and parasite-and not by bacteria, which are hannies-and hannies-and probably beneficial. Pointing to this conclusion Dr. Chads K. Lipman, in the latest bulletin of tie University of California, proposes thenei - term "bacterial flora" to take the placet! "bacteriology." since bacteria have bes-largeiy bes-largeiy removed from the disease-prcd'.j ing field. The investigators have discovered the animal parasites are able to ivitlisti-i the juices of the human stomach. W. I and E. L. Burge, in the Journal of Pan-sitology, Pan-sitology, say: "The oxidative processes of the livir; parasites enable them to withstand t': action of the digestive juices of the aate; - stomach by themselves oxidizing or enzyme solution immediately in cent::, with them." Still another interesting discovery 't that the animal parasites of disease a:' very common in stagnant water. This rrr prove to have a closer relation than '& been supposed to the fact that mosquito which carry malaria and yellow lew germs, breed in stagnant water. Dr. H. B. Yocom one of the nunier'" University of California men investiga'" this matter, has been studying a worm called "euplotes patella." irir lives in stagnant water and is appare::: a disease producer. He says it lives;" bacteria, which it wafts into its montb means of its feelers. C. W. Halm is one of the many invf--gators who assemble at Wood's H: Mass.. in Summer to study little p--sitic. worms which enter into fish and or water inhabitants to produce di;?-!; therein, and later get into human tK: and lower animals that eat fish, to c. i i n ue their deadly disease causation r also finds that former investigators '' mistaken concerning the functions of teria and mistook little worms for the" Henry P. Ward, editor of tlw Jo!::; of Parasitology, pr,d Thomas B. Me!1 discuss another type of the little wor: the nematodes. They say: "The parasitic nematodes are of spicnotts importance in the field of disease, in, disei.ses of domestic IBp' and the diseases of fish. They outrai other types as disease producers. American fresh-water lish have J''1 number of forms of th'Jse little sors'- trout, whitefish. herring. Herman crappic. yellow perch, wall-eyed rik01"' fish, etc." In view of these discoveries it m - ., seriously questioned whether it is . ear the scavenger ;?h. such as Kr-', which have lately been recommenw1 account of their cheapness. Dr. Robert Ilegnor. a dtetw; pathologist of the University of M';' in a newly published work sivos of disease's as due to aninuil r:ir3i1,.- "Human diseases that arc i" known to be caused hy protozoan I1-'--1- . or arc connected In some way '"' ".. are malarial fever, yellow fovcr. soi.--enso. yaws, reoi.rrent fever. ' '.J'-,: fever, sleeping sickness, dyscnto-- . nzar. hydrophobia, smallpox sml l,u-' catarrh." Another disease newly ro.vsni-'," being oau'od bv an nninuil lv-,rn'' ,f ,-: horrible liver fluke discie. reccm . ouced Into Californhi Hem f II has, indeed, been loir? ' i.omo di.-e.:u-os. l-n-ludin-; nW'y-s-leepi'vr slrknc.. wore cswW'l ;- parasites, but this docs 1101 , ' ,-.t S-' pnrt.ince of the discovery tn.u " i rilseii.'os are caused by Ihotu.